45 Questions
What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative research approaches?
Quantitative approaches use statistical tests to analyze data, while qualitative approaches do not.
What is the first step in the quantitative research process?
Define a research question
Which statistical tests are mentioned as part of the quantitative research process?
Correlations, regressions, t-tests, ANOVA
What do we obtain from statistical tests that allow us to make decisions about the research question?
Effect size
What type of data is involved in quantitative research?
Numerical data
Which aspect of behavior and psychological functioning is explored using research in psychology?
Cognitive processes
What is the purpose of applying statistical tests in quantitative research?
To describe patterns and relationships in the data
In quantitative research, what do we use to test hypotheses, models, and other types of predictions?
Statistical tests
What is the role of statistics in decision-making in research?
To make decisions about the research question
Which type of study involves collecting and analyzing numerical data?
Experimental study
What is the focus of quantitative research methods?
Describing patterns and relationships in numerical data
Which type of analysis is not part of the statistical tests mentioned in the text?
Thematic analysis
What does a p-value represent?
A probability
In Null-Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), what does a p-value less than α indicate?
The test is statistically significant
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in NHST?
To state that there is no effect
What does the sampling error refer to?
The difference between observed sample statistic and actual population parameter
What does the mean of the sampling distribution estimate?
The true population parameter
What happens to the sampling distribution as the sample size increases?
It becomes closer to normal in shape
What is the purpose of an effect size measure like Cohen’s d?
To quantify the magnitude of observed differences
What does an α-value represent in statistical testing?
The significance level
What is the relationship between the p-value and the α-value in statistical testing?
Comparison of p-value to α-value determines statistical significance
What does the population parameter refer to?
Characteristics of the entire population
What is the significance of the mean of the sampling distribution?
It estimates the population parameter
What does the effect size measure r2 indicate?
The proportion of variance explained
What is the probability of an event occurring if p = 0.75?
75%
In NHST, if the p-value is less than the α-value, what conclusion can be drawn?
The null hypothesis is rejected
What does the p-value represent in relation to statistical tests?
Probability of observing a correlation as strong as found in the sample if the true population correlation was zero
What does the mean of the sampling distribution provide a good estimate of?
Population parameter
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in NHST?
To state there is no effect
What does an effect size measure like Cohen’s d tell us about?
Magnitude of observed differences
What does the sampling error refer to?
Difference between observed sample statistic and the actual population parameter
What is the relationship between the sample size and the sampling distribution?
As sample size increases, the sampling distribution becomes closer to normal
What does the p-value represent if it equals 1?
100%
What is the interpretive framework in which the majority of statistical analysis occurs in quantitative psychological research?
Null-Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)
What does the population parameter refer to?
True characteristic of the population
What does the larger sample size lead to in terms of sampling error?
Decreases the degree of sampling error
What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative research approaches?
Quantitative research uses statistical tests to analyze numerical data, while qualitative research focuses on non-numeric data and in-depth understanding.
What does the term 'effect size' refer to in statistical analysis?
Effect size measures the strength of the relationship between variables, independent of sample size.
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in Null-Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)?
The null hypothesis serves as a baseline assumption to be tested against the alternative hypothesis.
What does the term 'sampling error' refer to in quantitative research?
Sampling error reflects the discrepancy between a sample statistic and the population parameter.
What type of data is involved in quantitative research?
Quantitative research involves numerical data that can be quantified and statistically analyzed.
What does a p-value less than the α-value indicate in statistical testing?
A p-value less than the α-value suggests that the null hypothesis should be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
What is the interpretive framework in which the majority of statistical analysis occurs in quantitative psychological research?
The interpretive framework in quantitative psychological research is based on probability theory and inferential statistics.
What does the mean of the sampling distribution provide a good estimate of in statistical analysis?
The mean of the sampling distribution provides a good estimate of the population parameter.
What happens to the sampling distribution as the sample size increases in quantitative research?
As the sample size increases, the sampling distribution becomes narrower and more closely approximates the population distribution.
Test your critical reading skills with this quiz on Cornell notes and probability testing. This quiz covers topics such as quantitative research methods, psychological functioning, and cognitive processes. Sharpen your understanding of these concepts and enhance your note-taking abilities.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
