Companion Animal, Facility Management 1.3

Crisis Plan: Isolation and Quarantine

• Isolation is a health practice used to separate sick animals with communicable diseases from healthy animals.
• The purpose of isolation is to restrict the movement of sick animals to prevent the spread of certain diseases.
• Quarantine is a health practice used to separate and restrict the movement of healthy animals that may have been exposed to a communicable disease.
• The purpose of quarantine is to monitor animals for signs of illness and prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
• Quarantine can be used as a period of detention prior to introducing new animals into a country, facility, or enclosure to prevent the introduction of diseases.

Crisis Plan: Isolation and Quarantine

• Isolation is a health practice used to separate sick animals with communicable diseases from healthy animals.
• The purpose of isolation is to restrict the movement of sick animals to prevent the spread of certain diseases.
• Quarantine is a health practice used to separate and restrict the movement of healthy animals that may have been exposed to a communicable disease.
• The purpose of quarantine is to monitor animals for signs of illness and prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
• Quarantine can be used as a period of detention prior to introducing new animals into a country, facility, or enclosure to prevent the introduction of diseases.

Crisis Plan: Isolation and Quarantine

• Isolation is a health practice used to separate sick animals with communicable diseases from healthy animals.
• The purpose of isolation is to restrict the movement of sick animals to prevent the spread of certain diseases.
• Quarantine is a health practice used to separate and restrict the movement of healthy animals that may have been exposed to a communicable disease.
• The purpose of quarantine is to monitor animals for signs of illness and prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
• Quarantine can be used as a period of detention prior to introducing new animals into a country, facility, or enclosure to prevent the introduction of diseases.

Isolation and Quarantine

• Isolation and quarantine are health practices used to stop or limit the spread of disease.
• Isolation separates sick animals with a communicable disease from healthy ones.
• Isolation restricts the movement of sick animals to stop the spread of certain diseases.

Quarantine

• Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of well animals that may have been exposed to a communicable disease.
• Quarantine is used to monitor if the animals become ill.
• Quarantine can also help limit the spread of communicable disease.
• Quarantine is used as a period of detention prior to introducing new animals into a country, facility, or enclosure.

Traffic Light System

• The "traffic light" system categorizes animals into three groups:

RED: Clinically Affected

• Animals that are clinically affected, i.e., sick.

YELLOW: In-Contacts

• Animals that are "in-contacts", i.e., have been exposed to a communicable disease.

GREEN: Well

• Animals that are well and have not had contact with others, typically new arrivals.

Crisis Plan

• The crisis plan utilizes a "traffic light" system to categorize animals into three groups:
  • RED: Clinically affected animals (sick)
  • YELLOW: "In-contacts" (animals that have had contact with infected animals)
  • GREEN: Well animals that have just arrived and have not had contact with others

Isolation and Quarantine

• Any animal that becomes ill or is believed to be infectious should be immediately removed from the group setting (isolation) until evaluated by a veterinarian
• In isolation, physical and procedural measures should be used to minimize the risk of transmission to other animals and reduce contamination of the environment
• Susceptible animals with known exposure to a potentially contagious animal should be excluded from the group setting (quarantine) for a pre-determined period
• The quarantine period is determined by the time it takes for the disease to manifest following exposure or as otherwise determined by a veterinarian

Ongoing Monitoring

• All animals at the facility should be continuously monitored for signs of illness by staff regardless of perceived risk

Crisis Plan

• The crisis plan utilizes a "traffic light" system to categorize animals into three groups:
  • RED: Clinically affected animals (sick)
  • YELLOW: "In-contacts" (animals that have had contact with infected animals)
  • GREEN: Well animals that have just arrived and have not had contact with others

Isolation and Quarantine

• Any animal that becomes ill or is believed to be infectious should be immediately removed from the group setting (isolation) until evaluated by a veterinarian
• In isolation, physical and procedural measures should be used to minimize the risk of transmission to other animals and reduce contamination of the environment
• Susceptible animals with known exposure to a potentially contagious animal should be excluded from the group setting (quarantine) for a pre-determined period
• The quarantine period is determined by the time it takes for the disease to manifest following exposure or as otherwise determined by a veterinarian

Ongoing Monitoring

• All animals at the facility should be continuously monitored for signs of illness by staff regardless of perceived risk

Crisis Plan

• The crisis plan utilizes a "traffic light" system to categorize animals into three groups:
  • RED: Clinically affected animals (sick)
  • YELLOW: "In-contacts" (animals that have had contact with infected animals)
  • GREEN: Well animals that have just arrived and have not had contact with others

Isolation and Quarantine

• Any animal that becomes ill or is believed to be infectious should be immediately removed from the group setting (isolation) until evaluated by a veterinarian
• In isolation, physical and procedural measures should be used to minimize the risk of transmission to other animals and reduce contamination of the environment
• Susceptible animals with known exposure to a potentially contagious animal should be excluded from the group setting (quarantine) for a pre-determined period
• The quarantine period is determined by the time it takes for the disease to manifest following exposure or as otherwise determined by a veterinarian

Ongoing Monitoring

• All animals at the facility should be continuously monitored for signs of illness by staff regardless of perceived risk

Crisis Plan

• The crisis plan utilizes a "traffic light" system to categorize animals into three groups:
  • RED: Clinically affected animals (sick)
  • YELLOW: "In-contacts" (animals that have had contact with infected animals)
  • GREEN: Well animals that have just arrived and have not had contact with others

Isolation and Quarantine

• Any animal that becomes ill or is believed to be infectious should be immediately removed from the group setting (isolation) until evaluated by a veterinarian
• In isolation, physical and procedural measures should be used to minimize the risk of transmission to other animals and reduce contamination of the environment
• Susceptible animals with known exposure to a potentially contagious animal should be excluded from the group setting (quarantine) for a pre-determined period
• The quarantine period is determined by the time it takes for the disease to manifest following exposure or as otherwise determined by a veterinarian

Ongoing Monitoring

• All animals at the facility should be continuously monitored for signs of illness by staff regardless of perceived risk

Enrichment Goals

• Presence of a wide variety of normal behavior, including exploration, play, affiliation, and foraging
• Understanding the animal's behavioral biology is necessary

Abnormal Behavior Reduction

• Absence or reduction of abnormal behavior, such as coprophagy, regurgitation, hair-pulling, self-injury, or stereotyped movements
• Reduction of abnormal behavior leads to a decrease in stress and boredom

Environmental Control

• Animals gain some control over their environment through enrichment
• Lack of control can lead to 'learned helplessness'

Positive Outcomes

• Positive interaction with novel stimuli may increase confidence
• Enrichment may be beneficial for nervous animals, such as puppies
• Increase in adoption rates through 'Train to Adopt' programs

Conflict Avoidance

• Enrichment should be carried out carefully to avoid conflict
• Example: avoid competitive enrichment tasks that may create social tensions (Bloomstrand et al., 1986)

Enrichment Goals

• Presence of a wide variety of normal behavior, including exploration, play, affiliation, and foraging
• Understanding the animal's behavioral biology is necessary

Abnormal Behavior Reduction

• Absence or reduction of abnormal behavior, such as coprophagy, regurgitation, hair-pulling, self-injury, or stereotyped movements
• Reduction of abnormal behavior leads to a decrease in stress and boredom

Environmental Control

• Animals gain some control over their environment through enrichment
• Lack of control can lead to 'learned helplessness'

Positive Outcomes

• Positive interaction with novel stimuli may increase confidence
• Enrichment may be beneficial for nervous animals, such as puppies
• Increase in adoption rates through 'Train to Adopt' programs

Conflict Avoidance

• Enrichment should be carried out carefully to avoid conflict
• Example: avoid competitive enrichment tasks that may create social tensions (Bloomstrand et al., 1986)