Crisis do Século XVII: Aspectos Socioeconómicos e Políticos
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Questions and Answers

Quen erguía a figura do valido na Monarquía hispánica durante os séculos XVI e XVII?

  • Os monarcas Austrias menores (correct)
  • Os nobres do reino
  • Os gobernantes musulmáns
  • Os Reis Católicos
  • Cal foi unha das consecuencias da expulsión dos mouriscos en 1609?

  • Aumento da poboación nas Alpujarras
  • Desminución dos cultivos de horta (correct)
  • Mellora dos recursos locais
  • Incremento da man de obra cualificada
  • Que era a Unión de Armas presentada polo conde-duque de Olivares?

  • Unha alianza coa Francia
  • Un plan para a paz entre os reinos
  • Unha reforma agraria en Castilla
  • Un proxecto político para a defensa común (correct)
  • Que efecto tivo a oposición á Unión de Armas nos reinos hispánicos?

    <p>Rebelión catalá e independencia de Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cales eran as áreas onde os mouriscos eran especialmente numerosos antes da súa expulsión?

    <p>Aragón e Valencia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal era unha das causas principais da inflación durante este período?

    <p>Emisión masiva de moeda de baixa calidade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que grupo social tiña máis probabilidade de vivir en situación de pobreza?

    <p>Campesiños</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que fenómeno social se deu como resposta á crise económica e social?

    <p>Arbitrismo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal era o obxectivo da reforma do conde-duque de Olivares?

    <p>Incrementar a hexemonía hispánica en Europa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quen eran os destacados intelectuais que propuxeron solucións á crise económica?

    <p>Arbitristas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que medida restritiva se propuxo para abordar a falta de produción propia?

    <p>Fomentar o investimento en actividades produtivas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que forma de rebeldía popular se menciona como estendida en Valencia e Cataluña?

    <p>Bandoleirismo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que implicación tivo a guerra dos Trinta Anos na situación interna do país?

    <p>Aumento das tensións sociais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que medidas propuxo para solucionar a crise económica?

    <p>Fomentar a produción propia e reducir a emisión de moeda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que proposta política se fixo en 1626?

    <p>A Unión de Armas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que causa contribuíu á independencia de Portugal?

    <p>A obrigación de participar en guerras alleas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Como se chamou a rebelión en Cataluña en 1640?

    <p>A Revolta dos Segadores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que motivou a Generalitat a solicitar axuda a Francia?

    <p>A entrada das tropas reais en Cataluña.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quen proclamou ó duque de Braganza rei de Portugal en 1640?

    <p>A nobreza portuguesa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que fixo Felipe IV tras a entrada das tropas reais en Barcelona en 1652?

    <p>Ratificou os privilexios forais de Cataluña.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que efecto tivo o matrimonio de Catarina de Braganza con Carlos II de Inglaterra?

    <p>Fortalecer a alianza angloportuguesa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que因素 contribuiu á crise económica de Castilla no século XVII?

    <p>Empeoramento climático</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal foi un dos principais efectos sociais da crise demográfica durante o século XVII?

    <p>Expulsión dos mouriscos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que sector económico sufriu especialmente pola competencia de produtos estranxeiros?

    <p>Artesanía téxtil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que consecuencias tiveron os bloqueos marítimos sobre o comercio con América?

    <p>Contracción do comercio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que conflito bélico consumiu o 80 % dos ingresos da Facenda Real española?

    <p>Conflito nos Países Baixos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Por que a mortalidade aumentou durante a crise demográfica do século XVII?

    <p>Enfermidades epidémicas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal destas afirmacións describiría mellor a situación económica de Castilla no século XVII?

    <p>A economía sufría unha grave crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que efecto tivo a emigración a América sobre a poboación de Castela?

    <p>Reducción da poboación</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que proposta tiña a conspiración liderada polo duque de Medina Sidonia en Andalucía en 1641?

    <p>Establecer un reino andaluz independente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que era o obxectivo da conspiración nobiliaria encabezada polo duque de Híjar en Aragón?

    <p>Convir Aragón nun reino independente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que consecuencia tivo a substitución de Olivares por Luís Méndez de Haro?

    <p>O fracaso do proxecto reformista dos Austrias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que pacto firmou Luis de Haro con Francia en 1648?

    <p>A paz de Westfalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal foi a principal consecuencia da paz dos Pireneos en 1659?

    <p>A cessione de Artois e o Rosellón a Francia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que acción tomou Felipe IV para aproveitar a rebelión da Fronda en Francia?

    <p>Tomar Barcelona e acabar coa guerra en Cataluña</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal foi o efecto dos tratados de paz na rivalidade entre Francia e os Habsburgo?

    <p>Puxeron fin á guerra dos Trinta Anos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que evento marcou o ocaso da Monarquía hispánica dos Austrias?

    <p>A morte de Carlos II sen descendencia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Crisis of the 17th Century: Socioeconomic and Political Aspects

    • Political Decline of the Spanish Monarchy: The Spanish monarchy gradually lost its European political dominance during the 17th century.
    • Economic Crisis in Castile: The Spanish economy, particularly in Castile, experienced a severe decline, coinciding with the political downturn.
    • Social and Political Crisis: A multifaceted crisis emerged combining economic, financial, and demographic issues leading to serious social and political problems throughout the peninsula.
    • Agricultural Decline: Agricultural production fell due to worsening climate (lower temperatures) affecting harvests and livestock numbers. This was compounded by foreign competition in textiles and metals.
    • Trade Contraction: Trade with the Americas suffered due to naval blockades, the growing self-sufficiency of the New World colonies, as well as increased competition from other European powers.
    • Demographic Decline: The population decreased significantly, aggravated by famine, and the spread of numerous epidemics like bubonic plague, typhus, malaria, and diphtheria. This was worsened by emigration to the Americas and the expulsion of Moriscos (Muslims) in 1609. Castile lost approximately 12% of its population.
    • Financial Bankruptcy: The decline in American silver production and rising war costs led to the depletion of state finances. This was exacerbated by expenses from conflicts like the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
    • External Conflicts: Internal conflicts occurred alongside external conflicts, with Catalonia and Portugal revolting in 1640, further straining resources.
    • Rise of Inflation: The Spanish government resorted to minting more coin and depreciating it, contributing massively to rising inflation.
    • Increased Taxes and Borrowing: To address financial issues, the Spanish Crown implemented tax increases and relied more heavily on borrowing from domestic and foreign lenders.
    • Political Reforms of Olivares: Felipe IV's prime minister, the Count-Duke of Olivares, attempted to address this crisis with reforms such as the "Union of Arms" initiative and other measures aimed at restructuring the financial burdens.
    • Rebellions and Independence Movement: The reforms sparked rebellions and independence movements, notably in Catalonia and Portugal.
    • Peace of Westphalia (1648): Spain acknowledged the independence of the Netherlands at this treaty, marking a significant loss of territory and influence.
    • Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659): This further marked the decline and loss of territory from Spain to France.

    Economic and Social Impact

    • Social Polarization: The crisis resulted in extreme poverty and hardship for the majority while a small segment of nobility, clergy, and wealthy merchants retained their prosperity.
    • Popular Rebellions: These hardships often led to popular protests and resistance against the ruling elites.
    • Rise of "Arbitrismo": A intellectual movement emerged that sought to diagnose and propose solutions. These groups advocated for solutions to the crisis.

    Rebellion in Catalonia (and other regions)

    • Catalan Revolt: Motivated by the presence of Spanish troops and perceived injustices, Catalonia rose up in rebellion.
    • Conspiracy and Rebellion in other regions: Similar attempts to separate occurred in other regions of the Spanish Empire.

    Causes and Effects of the Portuguese Revolt

    • Castilianization Policies: Portuguese grievances stemmed from attempts by the Spanish crown to impose Castilian policies on Portugal.
    • Increased Taxation and External conflicts: Protests and revolts culminated in Portuguese independence.

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    Description

    Este cuestionario explora a crise do século XVII en España, centrando-se nas súas dimensións socioeconómicas e políticas. A monarquía española, a economía de Castela e a diminución demográfica son algúns dos temas abordados. Examina como estes factores se combinan para definir a situación crítica da península.

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