Criminology and Biological Factors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the current understanding of the relationship between brain abnormalities and criminal behavior?

While some research suggests potential links between brain abnormalities and criminal behavior, definitive causal relationships have not been established. (correct)
Studies have conclusively demonstrated that certain neurochemical imbalances are directly responsible for criminal behavior.
While studies have found some associations, the relationship is highly complex and includes many contributing factors. (correct)
Social and environmental factors are the main contributors to criminal behavior, and brain abnormalities play a minimal role.
Current research suggests that all criminals have significant brain abnormalities, but these are not necessarily the cause of their behavior.
It is impossible to determine any relationship between brain abnormalities and criminal behavior due to the complexities involved.
Brain abnormalities, such as a smaller prefrontal cortex, have definitively been shown to directly cause criminal behavior.
Research definitively proves that certain brain abnormalities, like a smaller prefrontal cortex, can lead to a criminal tendency.

What is the primary challenge in establishing a direct causal link between neurochemical imbalances and criminal behavior?

The lack of reliable and consistent methods for studying brain function and neurochemicals.
The limited availability of research subjects who are both criminals and willing to participate in studies.
The complex interplay of neurochemical influences, social factors, and environmental influences. (correct)
The difficulty in replicating research findings across different populations and research settings.
The difficulty in isolating and measuring specific neurochemicals in the brain.

What kind of research studies are particularly useful for investigating the potential genetic contributions to criminal behavior?

Twin studies comparing identical twins to fraternal twins. (correct)
Surveys of criminal attitudes and beliefs.
Adoption studies comparing individuals raised by adoptive parents to their biological parents. (correct)
Case studies of individuals with criminal tendencies.
Observational studies of criminal populations.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects current understanding of the role of neurochemicals in criminal behavior?

Research suggests a possible link between neurochemical imbalances and aggression, but further investigation is needed. (F) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to establish a clear link between brain abnormalities and criminal behavior?

The relationship is likely influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including genetics, environment, and social influences. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conclusion reached regarding the XYY syndrome and its link to criminal behavior in modern criminological research?

The initial claims associating the XYY syndrome with increased aggression are now largely considered unsupported and inconclusive. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In adoption studies, what is the primary goal of comparing adopted individuals to their biological and adoptive parents?

To investigate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on criminal behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are twin studies particularly useful for investigating the genetic component in criminal behavior?

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share 50%, making comparisons more meaningful. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between criminal behavior and deviant behavior?

Criminal behavior violates formal laws, while deviant behavior violates social norms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can brain abnormalities potentially contribute to criminal behavior?

They may influence an individual's ability to control impulses, make rational decisions, or understand consequences. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major factor considered within the field of criminology?

Investigating the political motivations behind governmental policies. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between neurochemicals and criminal behavior, as explored in criminological research?

Neurochemicals may play a role in influencing factors like aggression, impulsivity, and emotional regulation, which can potentially contribute to criminal behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of studying different types of crime within criminology?

To understand the specific factors and contexts that contribute to various types of crime. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Brain structure and crime

Research on criminals shows unclear links between brain structure and behavior, especially prefrontal cortex size or function.

Complex interactions

Behavior is influenced by a mix of brain structure, environmental, and social factors; causation is not straightforward.

Neurochemicals

Chemicals like serotonin, dopamine, and testosterone may impact aggression and criminal behavior; effects vary.

Neurotransmitter imbalances

Research explores if abnormal levels of neurotransmitters contribute to criminal tendencies, but links are complex.