Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Differential Association Theory primarily argue about criminal behavior?
What does the Differential Association Theory primarily argue about criminal behavior?
According to Differential Association Theory, which of the following factors is important in the likelihood of adopting criminal behavior?
According to Differential Association Theory, which of the following factors is important in the likelihood of adopting criminal behavior?
What was a significant challenge posed by Edwin Sutherland to earlier criminological theories?
What was a significant challenge posed by Edwin Sutherland to earlier criminological theories?
Which of the following is a criticism of Differential Association Theory?
Which of the following is a criticism of Differential Association Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
How can Differential Association Theory be applied in practice to prevent crime?
How can Differential Association Theory be applied in practice to prevent crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary factor does Hirschi's theory focus on to explain why most people do not engage in deviance?
What primary factor does Hirschi's theory focus on to explain why most people do not engage in deviance?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of societal influence does Hirschi's theory primarily neglect according to its criticisms?
What aspect of societal influence does Hirschi's theory primarily neglect according to its criticisms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which developmental phase is associated with weaker bonds to conventional institutions according to Hirschi's theory?
Which developmental phase is associated with weaker bonds to conventional institutions according to Hirschi's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the General Theory of Crime by Gottfredson & Hirschi, what is considered the primary cause of criminal behavior?
According to the General Theory of Crime by Gottfredson & Hirschi, what is considered the primary cause of criminal behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
How does Hirschi's theory explain the relationship between gang membership and deviant subcultures?
How does Hirschi's theory explain the relationship between gang membership and deviant subcultures?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of crime does critical criminology emphasize?
What aspect of crime does critical criminology emphasize?
Signup and view all the answers
Which criticism is directed towards Marxist theory in criminal justice?
Which criticism is directed towards Marxist theory in criminal justice?
Signup and view all the answers
How does critical criminology view crimes committed by the elite?
How does critical criminology view crimes committed by the elite?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant implication of critical criminology regarding drug use and sex work?
What is a significant implication of critical criminology regarding drug use and sex work?
Signup and view all the answers
Which movement has been influenced by critical criminology's challenge to power dynamics?
Which movement has been influenced by critical criminology's challenge to power dynamics?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'criminalization of the poor' refer to in the context of Marxist theory?
What does the term 'criminalization of the poor' refer to in the context of Marxist theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What do critics argue is often neglected by critical criminology's focus on offenders?
What do critics argue is often neglected by critical criminology's focus on offenders?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect do critics emphasize in the criticism of critical criminology?
What aspect do critics emphasize in the criticism of critical criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of the positivist movement is seen as a significant criticism?
What aspect of the positivist movement is seen as a significant criticism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a key principle of social constructivism?
Which of the following best describes a key principle of social constructivism?
Signup and view all the answers
What major aspect does the positivist approach focus on when analyzing crime?
What major aspect does the positivist approach focus on when analyzing crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What limitation is associated with social constructivism in defining crime?
What limitation is associated with social constructivism in defining crime?
Signup and view all the answers
In the positivist approach, how are crimes typically interpreted in courts?
In the positivist approach, how are crimes typically interpreted in courts?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the main goal of the 60s scoop in relation to Indigenous peoples?
What was the main goal of the 60s scoop in relation to Indigenous peoples?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following concepts is particularly associated with social constructivism?
Which of the following concepts is particularly associated with social constructivism?
Signup and view all the answers
What common outcome was associated with the Starlight Tours incidents?
What common outcome was associated with the Starlight Tours incidents?
Signup and view all the answers
What reaction does social constructivism critique regarding perceptions of crime?
What reaction does social constructivism critique regarding perceptions of crime?
Signup and view all the answers
Which criticism is NOT associated with the positivist approach?
Which criticism is NOT associated with the positivist approach?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Neil Stonechild and what impact did his death have?
Who was Neil Stonechild and what impact did his death have?
Signup and view all the answers
What incident triggered a police inquiry in Saskatchewan in 2003?
What incident triggered a police inquiry in Saskatchewan in 2003?
Signup and view all the answers
What prompted Gerald Stanley to confront Colten Boushie and his friends?
What prompted Gerald Stanley to confront Colten Boushie and his friends?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant outcome of the Colten Boushie shooting incident?
What was a significant outcome of the Colten Boushie shooting incident?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the impact of residential schools on Indigenous peoples?
Which of the following best describes the impact of residential schools on Indigenous peoples?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the underlying assumption of systems like the 60s scoop regarding Indigenous cultures?
What was the underlying assumption of systems like the 60s scoop regarding Indigenous cultures?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Marxists believe the criminal justice system primarily criminalizes?
What do Marxists believe the criminal justice system primarily criminalizes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the criticism of left realism regarding crime?
Which of the following best describes the criticism of left realism regarding crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What is 'relative deprivation' as an explanation for criminality?
What is 'relative deprivation' as an explanation for criminality?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes corporate crime, also known as white-collar crime?
What characterizes corporate crime, also known as white-collar crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common criticism of laws and criminology from a feminist perspective?
What is a common criticism of laws and criminology from a feminist perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the concept of 'myth of neutrality' refer to in the context of criminology?
What does the concept of 'myth of neutrality' refer to in the context of criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a practical application of left realism in relation to crime prevention?
What is a practical application of left realism in relation to crime prevention?
Signup and view all the answers
What notable change occurred in rape laws due to feminist efforts?
What notable change occurred in rape laws due to feminist efforts?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Differential Association Theory
- Individuals learn criminal behavior through interactions with others
- Likelihood of adopting criminal behavior depends on frequency, priority, duration, and intensity of relationships
- People learn criminal motives, rationalizations, and justifications alongside techniques
- Criticized for underestimating personal choice and biological/psychological factors
- Explains white-collar crime (employees adapting definitions favorable to crime due to corporate culture prioritizing profit over ethics) and juvenile delinquency (substance abuse, drug trafficking).
Neutralization Theory
- Individuals engage in criminal/deviant behavior by temporarily suppressing guilt or moral responsibility
- Five techniques:
- Denial of responsibility
- Denial of injury
- Denial of the victim
- Condemnation of the condemners
- Appeal to higher loyalties
- Criticized for not applying to chronic offenders fully committed to deviance
Labeling Theory
- Focuses on how individuals become labeled as deviant and the influence of this label on their behavior.
- Social processes (labeling) shape identities and future actions.
- Criticized for neglecting individual agency.
Social Control Theory
- Explains why individuals conform to societal norms rather than engage in deviance.
- Emphasizes that strong bonds to society (attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief) discourage deviance.
Critical Criminology
- Views crime and its control as products of power dynamics and economic inequality.
- Argues that criminal justice systems often serve the interests of the elite.
- Criticized for overemphasizing structure and neglecting individual agency.
- Explained that white-collar crimes are often underreported or lightly punished compared to street crime.
Marxist Theory
- Criminal justice system serves the interests of the wealthy and powerful
- Criminalizes actions threatening capitalist interests
- Criticized for lack of attention to individual agency and lack of solutions
- Explains how criminalization of the poor and marginalized groups occurs.
Left Realism
- Addresses the relationship between crime, social inequality, and social control.
- Criticized for overemphasis on street crime and working-class crime
Postmodern Theory
- Argues against a single objective truth in crime and justice.
- Examines crime as a social construct.
- Explanations center on how powerful groups apply labels
Objective-Legalist Approach
- Crime as behaviors explicitly defined and prohibited by law.
- Focuses on understanding crime as behaviours explicitly defined and prohibited.
- Criticized for blind faith in law and ignoring other social factors
Social Constructivism
- Crime is not inherent; societies decide which behaviors are criminalized.
- Focuses on how certain actions or groups come to be defined as criminal.
Du Bois' Social Disharmony
- Explores social disharmony connected to racial inequality.
- Highlights the deep division between Black and White populations.
- Criticizes how prejudice dehumanizes and marginalizes individuals.
Haggerty - Modern Serial Killers
- Media plays a role in shaping serial killers.
- Anonymity enables crime in modern times
- Rationality and opportunity structures influence actions
- Societal and cultural factors contribute to violence.
Haggerty - Modern Serial Killers
- Media plays a role in shaping serial killers.
- Anonymity empowers crime in modern times
- Rationality and opportunity structures influence actions
- Societal and cultural factors contribute to violence.
Crime Prevention
- Policies based on preventing crime should target the root causes
- Crime prevention programs should address poverty, lack of education, and social exclusion.
Corporate Crime
- Illegal acts by individuals or organizations (white-collar crime)
- Rarely prosecuted and often not covered by media.
- Non-violent, but often harmful, crimes difficult to detect
Forced Assimilation and Colonialism
- Colonial efforts to assimilate Indigenous populations.
- Forced removal of children from families (residential schools)
- Focus on the impacts of forced assimilation, and the myth of neutrality in criminal justice
Feminist Criminology
- Criminology often viewed through a male lens.
- Focuses on how gender affects experiences of crime, crime prevention, and justice.
- Critiques laws and practices perpetuating gender inequality.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores key concepts from the Differential Association Theory and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime, including their main arguments, criticisms, and applications in preventing crime. Test your understanding of these important criminological theories and their impact on societal behavior.
