Criminology: Instrumental Violence and Crime

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What is the term for excessive force during the execution of a crime, even after the instrumental goal has been achieved?

Instrumental violence
Gratuitous violence (correct)
Defensive violence
Reactive violence

Which of the following is NOT a type of physical violence?

Defensive violence
Instrumental violence (correct)
Impulsive violence
Reactive violence

What is a possible factor that may contribute to violent behavior?

Personal or cultural belief system
Lack of education
Alcohol intoxication or drug abuse
All of the above (correct)

What is the term for violence directed at a specific group based on prejudice or pre-conceived ideas?

Hate crimes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of sexualized violence?

Rape (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible underlying psychological factor that may contribute to violent behavior?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of healing used by the diviners?

Divination and communication with the ancestors (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do herbalists typically pass on their knowledge of traditional medicines?

Through an intense apprenticeship from parent to child (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main area of expertise of the traditional surgeons?

Circumcisions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is muti killing?

The harvesting of human body parts and/or organs for use in traditional medicine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do authors prefer the concept of 'muti-killings' over 'muti murder'?

Because it has a strong cultural meaning and does not imply 'murder' in the juridical westernised sense (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the traditional birth attendants?

To assist in childbirth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What drives mass murderers of the workplace-resentful type to commit multiple murders?

Upset with a supervisor, co-worker(s), or an aspect of the work environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is common among perpetrators of the workplace-resentful type?

Depression, paranoid, and/or narcissistic traits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the specific community-resentful pseudo-commando type?

Plan attacks meticulously and arrive prepared with a significant arsenal of weapons and ammunition (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mass murderer chooses victims based on chance or convenience?

Indiscriminate-resentful type (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the indiscriminate-resentful type?

Chooses to vent anger randomly in a public space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is common among the specific community-resentful pseudo-commando type and the workplace-resentful type?

Externalization of blame for their problems onto others (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for selecting a male victim with healthy children for muti practices?

To cure male infertility (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are older individuals rarely targeted as victims?

Because muti prepared with their body parts would be ineffective (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is believed to be symbolized by the human hands in muti practices?

Possession (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are children and women more vulnerable to becoming victims of muti?

Because they are easily lured and overpowered (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motive behind the use of human parts and/or organs in muti?

Economic prosperity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is believed to be represented by the human skull in muti practices?

Prosperous business (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation of a bully in school bullying?

To find pleasure in taunting and hurting others (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of relational violence in schools?

Shunning a fellow learner from the social circle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason why victims of bullying often do not report incidents?

Lack of support from peers or authorities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sending unsolicited nude pictures or slanderous messages on social media?

Sexting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of school bullying in terms of its duration and impact?

It continues over an extended period of time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to the selection of victims in school bullying?

Their apparent inability to defend themselves (A) Signup and view all the answers