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Theological views of criminality have not been held by any society since the Middle Ages.
Theological views of criminality have not been held by any society since the Middle Ages.
False
Demonological theory views criminals as rational, hedonistic, free actors.
Demonological theory views criminals as rational, hedonistic, free actors.
False
Demonological theory represents theological explanations of reality where the criminal was viewed as a(n):
Demonological theory represents theological explanations of reality where the criminal was viewed as a(n):
sinner
Beccaria's philosophies surrounding punishment were considered radical during his time.
Beccaria's philosophies surrounding punishment were considered radical during his time.
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Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are associated with the classical school of criminology.
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are associated with the classical school of criminology.
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The view that criminal behavior is ultimately driven by supernatural forces is known as:
The view that criminal behavior is ultimately driven by supernatural forces is known as:
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Prior to the formulation and acceptance of this theory, the administration of criminal justice in Europe was cruel, uncertain, and unpredictable.
Prior to the formulation and acceptance of this theory, the administration of criminal justice in Europe was cruel, uncertain, and unpredictable.
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Charles Darwin coauthored The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.
Charles Darwin coauthored The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.
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_____________________, with its emphasis on geographical explanations for crime, is reflected in the media portrayal of bad neighborhoods.
_____________________, with its emphasis on geographical explanations for crime, is reflected in the media portrayal of bad neighborhoods.
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Which of the following is an example of situational crime control?
Which of the following is an example of situational crime control?
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Hedonism is the view that criminality is biologically inherited.
Hedonism is the view that criminality is biologically inherited.
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Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?
Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?
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Disappointed with criminology's overconcern with the search for basic causes of crime, James Q. Wilson proposed a policy analysis approach that was less concerned with finding 'causes' and more concerned with 'what works.'
Disappointed with criminology's overconcern with the search for basic causes of crime, James Q. Wilson proposed a policy analysis approach that was less concerned with finding 'causes' and more concerned with 'what works.'
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Classical theorists emphasize criminal behavior rather than criminal law.
Classical theorists emphasize criminal behavior rather than criminal law.
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His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted Willem Bonger, who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class.
His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted Willem Bonger, who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class.
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Adolphe Quetelet's work provided empirical support for the idea that free will explains criminal behavior.
Adolphe Quetelet's work provided empirical support for the idea that free will explains criminal behavior.
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A little boy shoplifts a candy bar from a local store. The view that this crime was influenced by environmental factors is known as:
A little boy shoplifts a candy bar from a local store. The view that this crime was influenced by environmental factors is known as:
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Deterrence theory is related to which school(s) of thought?
Deterrence theory is related to which school(s) of thought?
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A criminologist notices that crime rates tend to be higher in warmer climates. This observation is most closely linked to the concept of:
A criminologist notices that crime rates tend to be higher in warmer climates. This observation is most closely linked to the concept of:
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Jeremy Bentham advocated for 'the greatest happiness shared by the greatest number.' The term that refers to this approach is:
Jeremy Bentham advocated for 'the greatest happiness shared by the greatest number.' The term that refers to this approach is:
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Rational choice theorists argue that individuals are purely rational in the decision making, which includes consideration of the costs and benefits of crime.
Rational choice theorists argue that individuals are purely rational in the decision making, which includes consideration of the costs and benefits of crime.
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'Theory' is best described as:
'Theory' is best described as:
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Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:
Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:
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A primary challenge to understanding crime through a demonological perspective was that crime and criminality were to be found in the natural rather than supernatural world.
A primary challenge to understanding crime through a demonological perspective was that crime and criminality were to be found in the natural rather than supernatural world.
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Who was the first researcher to take advantage of criminal statistics?
Who was the first researcher to take advantage of criminal statistics?
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Karl Marx wrote extensively on the topic of crime causation.
Karl Marx wrote extensively on the topic of crime causation.
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The neoclassical school is primarily concerned with finding effective criminal justice policies, not explaining the causes of crime.
The neoclassical school is primarily concerned with finding effective criminal justice policies, not explaining the causes of crime.
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A student is caught cheating on an exam resulting in the consequence of failing both the exam and the course. Classmates believe the student had this 'punishment coming.' This supports which of the following concepts:
A student is caught cheating on an exam resulting in the consequence of failing both the exam and the course. Classmates believe the student had this 'punishment coming.' This supports which of the following concepts:
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Developing policies with the purpose of improving the physical and social environments to decrease crime is an example of which of the following theories:
Developing policies with the purpose of improving the physical and social environments to decrease crime is an example of which of the following theories:
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As the first scientific criminologist, Adolphe Quetelet's work is most noteworthy because:
As the first scientific criminologist, Adolphe Quetelet's work is most noteworthy because:
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The basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal system are found in the:
The basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal system are found in the:
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Developing policies that reduce inequality and poverty support which of the following theories:
Developing policies that reduce inequality and poverty support which of the following theories:
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Willem Bonger saw capitalism as causing crime through its promotion of selfish individualism, which is also referred to as:
Willem Bonger saw capitalism as causing crime through its promotion of selfish individualism, which is also referred to as:
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Women accused of witchcraft were tied up and thrown in the water. If they survived, they were innocent. This type of practice is known as:
Women accused of witchcraft were tied up and thrown in the water. If they survived, they were innocent. This type of practice is known as:
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Cesare Lombroso is the undisputed 'father of criminology.'
Cesare Lombroso is the undisputed 'father of criminology.'
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The concept of 'just desserts' is related to the neoclassical approach to criminology.
The concept of 'just desserts' is related to the neoclassical approach to criminology.
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Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical school propose?
Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical school propose?
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The earliest theories of crime causation were:
The earliest theories of crime causation were:
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The 'thermic law' of crime argues that crimes against persons increase in:
The 'thermic law' of crime argues that crimes against persons increase in:
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With which school of criminological thought is Willem Bonger associated?
With which school of criminological thought is Willem Bonger associated?
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Study Notes
Theological and Demonological Views
- The theological perspectives on criminality persisted beyond the Middle Ages.
- Demonological theory asserts that criminals are viewed as sinners, influenced by supernatural forces.
Classical School of Criminology
- Beccaria’s ideas on punishment were revolutionary for his time, proposing that punishment should fit the crime.
- Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are key figures within the classical school, emphasizing rationality in human behavior.
- Classical and neoclassical theories focus on human behavior as primarily driven by hedonism.
Deterrence and Crime Control
- Deterrence theory aligns with classical and neoclassical viewpoints that prioritize the rational choice in committing crime.
- Situational crime control embraces various strategies aimed at reducing opportunities for crime.
Ecological and Human Ecology Theories
- Ecological theory examines geographical influences on crime, supporting the idea that crime rates can correlate with environmental factors.
- The "thermic law" of crime suggests that violent crimes increase in warmer climates, indicating a relationship between weather and criminal behavior.
Just Deserts and Policy Implications
- The "just deserts" principle holds that punishment should be proportional to the offense, reflecting societal notions of fairness.
- Policies aimed at reducing crime may involve improving physical and social conditions in communities (ecological approach) and addressing economic inequalities.
Important Figures and Concepts
- Adolphe Quetelet made significant contributions by linking crime to social variables, questioning the concept of free will in criminology.
- Marx's ideas criticized capitalism's role in promoting crime through individualistic self-interest, termed egoism.
- Trial by ordeal was a historical practice where accused individuals faced life-threatening tests to prove innocence.
Challenges to Historical Perspectives
- The transition from demonological to more scientific explanations of crime marked a significant shift in criminology, with research beginning to incorporate statistical analysis.
- Rational choice theorists criticize the oversimplification of human decision-making as entirely rational, recognizing the complexity of factors involved.
Summary of Key Theoretical Developments
- The neoclassical school of thought prioritizes effective policy-making over explanatory theories of crime causation.
- Initial criminological theories were primarily demonological, reflecting the mysticism surrounding crime in earlier societies.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 5 of Criminology with these flashcards. Explore important theories and definitions related to criminality, including theological and demonological perspectives. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
