Criminology Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Theological views of criminality have not been held by any society since the Middle Ages.

False

Demonological theory views criminals as rational, hedonistic, free actors.

False

Demonological theory represents theological explanations of reality where the criminal was viewed as a(n):

sinner

Beccaria's philosophies surrounding punishment were considered radical during his time.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are associated with the classical school of criminology.

True Signup and view all the answers

The view that criminal behavior is ultimately driven by supernatural forces is known as:

demonology Signup and view all the answers

Prior to the formulation and acceptance of this theory, the administration of criminal justice in Europe was cruel, uncertain, and unpredictable.

classical theory Signup and view all the answers

Charles Darwin coauthored The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.

False Signup and view all the answers

_____________________, with its emphasis on geographical explanations for crime, is reflected in the media portrayal of bad neighborhoods.

ecological theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of situational crime control?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Hedonism is the view that criminality is biologically inherited.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?

classicalism/neoclassicalism Signup and view all the answers

Disappointed with criminology's overconcern with the search for basic causes of crime, James Q. Wilson proposed a policy analysis approach that was less concerned with finding 'causes' and more concerned with 'what works.'

True Signup and view all the answers

Classical theorists emphasize criminal behavior rather than criminal law.

False Signup and view all the answers

His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted Willem Bonger, who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class.

Marx Signup and view all the answers

Adolphe Quetelet's work provided empirical support for the idea that free will explains criminal behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

A little boy shoplifts a candy bar from a local store. The view that this crime was influenced by environmental factors is known as:

human ecology Signup and view all the answers

Deterrence theory is related to which school(s) of thought?

classical/neoclassical Signup and view all the answers

A criminologist notices that crime rates tend to be higher in warmer climates. This observation is most closely linked to the concept of:

ecological theory Signup and view all the answers

Jeremy Bentham advocated for 'the greatest happiness shared by the greatest number.' The term that refers to this approach is:

utilitarianism Signup and view all the answers

Rational choice theorists argue that individuals are purely rational in the decision making, which includes consideration of the costs and benefits of crime.

False Signup and view all the answers

'Theory' is best described as:

useful for making sense of otherwise isolated, seemingly random facts Signup and view all the answers

Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:

the punishment should fit the crime Signup and view all the answers

A primary challenge to understanding crime through a demonological perspective was that crime and criminality were to be found in the natural rather than supernatural world.

True Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first researcher to take advantage of criminal statistics?

Quetelet Signup and view all the answers

Karl Marx wrote extensively on the topic of crime causation.

False Signup and view all the answers

The neoclassical school is primarily concerned with finding effective criminal justice policies, not explaining the causes of crime.

True Signup and view all the answers

A student is caught cheating on an exam resulting in the consequence of failing both the exam and the course. Classmates believe the student had this 'punishment coming.' This supports which of the following concepts:

just deserts Signup and view all the answers

Developing policies with the purpose of improving the physical and social environments to decrease crime is an example of which of the following theories:

ecological Signup and view all the answers

As the first scientific criminologist, Adolphe Quetelet's work is most noteworthy because:

his observation that crime was linked to other variables called into question the notion of free will Signup and view all the answers

The basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal system are found in the:

classical school of criminology Signup and view all the answers

Developing policies that reduce inequality and poverty support which of the following theories:

economic Signup and view all the answers

Willem Bonger saw capitalism as causing crime through its promotion of selfish individualism, which is also referred to as:

egoism Signup and view all the answers

Women accused of witchcraft were tied up and thrown in the water. If they survived, they were innocent. This type of practice is known as:

trial by ordeal Signup and view all the answers

Cesare Lombroso is the undisputed 'father of criminology.'

False Signup and view all the answers

The concept of 'just desserts' is related to the neoclassical approach to criminology.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical school propose?

mandatory sentencing policies Signup and view all the answers

The earliest theories of crime causation were:

demonological Signup and view all the answers

The 'thermic law' of crime argues that crimes against persons increase in:

warmer climates Signup and view all the answers

With which school of criminological thought is Willem Bonger associated?

economic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Theological and Demonological Views

The theological perspectives on criminality persisted beyond the Middle Ages.
Demonological theory asserts that criminals are viewed as sinners, influenced by supernatural forces.

Classical School of Criminology

Beccaria’s ideas on punishment were revolutionary for his time, proposing that punishment should fit the crime.
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are key figures within the classical school, emphasizing rationality in human behavior.
Classical and neoclassical theories focus on human behavior as primarily driven by hedonism.

Deterrence and Crime Control

Deterrence theory aligns with classical and neoclassical viewpoints that prioritize the rational choice in committing crime.
Situational crime control embraces various strategies aimed at reducing opportunities for crime.

Ecological and Human Ecology Theories

Ecological theory examines geographical influences on crime, supporting the idea that crime rates can correlate with environmental factors.
The "thermic law" of crime suggests that violent crimes increase in warmer climates, indicating a relationship between weather and criminal behavior.

Just Deserts and Policy Implications

The "just deserts" principle holds that punishment should be proportional to the offense, reflecting societal notions of fairness.
Policies aimed at reducing crime may involve improving physical and social conditions in communities (ecological approach) and addressing economic inequalities.

Important Figures and Concepts

Adolphe Quetelet made significant contributions by linking crime to social variables, questioning the concept of free will in criminology.
Marx's ideas criticized capitalism's role in promoting crime through individualistic self-interest, termed egoism.
Trial by ordeal was a historical practice where accused individuals faced life-threatening tests to prove innocence.

Challenges to Historical Perspectives

The transition from demonological to more scientific explanations of crime marked a significant shift in criminology, with research beginning to incorporate statistical analysis.
Rational choice theorists criticize the oversimplification of human decision-making as entirely rational, recognizing the complexity of factors involved.

Summary of Key Theoretical Developments

The neoclassical school of thought prioritizes effective policy-making over explanatory theories of crime causation.
Initial criminological theories were primarily demonological, reflecting the mysticism surrounding crime in earlier societies.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 5 of Criminology with these flashcards. Explore important theories and definitions related to criminality, including theological and demonological perspectives. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge.

Criminology Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Theological views of criminality have not been held by any society since the Middle Ages.

Demonological theory views criminals as rational, hedonistic, free actors.

Demonological theory represents theological explanations of reality where the criminal was viewed as a(n):

Beccaria's philosophies surrounding punishment were considered radical during his time.

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are associated with the classical school of criminology.

The view that criminal behavior is ultimately driven by supernatural forces is known as:

Prior to the formulation and acceptance of this theory, the administration of criminal justice in Europe was cruel, uncertain, and unpredictable.

Charles Darwin coauthored The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.

_____________________, with its emphasis on geographical explanations for crime, is reflected in the media portrayal of bad neighborhoods.

Which of the following is an example of situational crime control?

Hedonism is the view that criminality is biologically inherited.

Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?

Disappointed with criminology's overconcern with the search for basic causes of crime, James Q. Wilson proposed a policy analysis approach that was less concerned with finding 'causes' and more concerned with 'what works.'

Classical theorists emphasize criminal behavior rather than criminal law.

His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted Willem Bonger, who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class.

Adolphe Quetelet's work provided empirical support for the idea that free will explains criminal behavior.

A little boy shoplifts a candy bar from a local store. The view that this crime was influenced by environmental factors is known as:

Deterrence theory is related to which school(s) of thought?

A criminologist notices that crime rates tend to be higher in warmer climates. This observation is most closely linked to the concept of:

Jeremy Bentham advocated for 'the greatest happiness shared by the greatest number.' The term that refers to this approach is:

Rational choice theorists argue that individuals are purely rational in the decision making, which includes consideration of the costs and benefits of crime.

'Theory' is best described as:

Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:

A primary challenge to understanding crime through a demonological perspective was that crime and criminality were to be found in the natural rather than supernatural world.

Who was the first researcher to take advantage of criminal statistics?

Karl Marx wrote extensively on the topic of crime causation.

The neoclassical school is primarily concerned with finding effective criminal justice policies, not explaining the causes of crime.

A student is caught cheating on an exam resulting in the consequence of failing both the exam and the course. Classmates believe the student had this 'punishment coming.' This supports which of the following concepts:

Developing policies with the purpose of improving the physical and social environments to decrease crime is an example of which of the following theories:

As the first scientific criminologist, Adolphe Quetelet's work is most noteworthy because:

The basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal system are found in the:

Developing policies that reduce inequality and poverty support which of the following theories:

Willem Bonger saw capitalism as causing crime through its promotion of selfish individualism, which is also referred to as:

Women accused of witchcraft were tied up and thrown in the water. If they survived, they were innocent. This type of practice is known as:

Cesare Lombroso is the undisputed 'father of criminology.'

The concept of 'just desserts' is related to the neoclassical approach to criminology.

Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical school propose?

The earliest theories of crime causation were:

The 'thermic law' of crime argues that crimes against persons increase in:

With which school of criminological thought is Willem Bonger associated?

Study Notes

Theological and Demonological Views

Classical School of Criminology

Deterrence and Crime Control

Ecological and Human Ecology Theories

Just Deserts and Policy Implications

Important Figures and Concepts

Challenges to Historical Perspectives

Summary of Key Theoretical Developments

Studying That Suits You

Description

More Quizzes Like This

Theories in Criminology Overview

Criminology Foundations and Theories

Criminology Mid Flashcards

Criminology Social Learning Theory