Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Positivist School of Criminology assert about individual behavior?
What does the Positivist School of Criminology assert about individual behavior?
Which term refers to the belief that certain characteristics or behaviors are throwbacks to earlier evolutionary stages?
Which term refers to the belief that certain characteristics or behaviors are throwbacks to earlier evolutionary stages?
What is phrenology primarily concerned with?
What is phrenology primarily concerned with?
Which body type is associated with a personality that is considered aggressive and extroverted?
Which body type is associated with a personality that is considered aggressive and extroverted?
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What does craniometry emphasize in its study?
What does craniometry emphasize in its study?
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Which term refers to individuals demonstrating significantly below-average intelligence in the early 1900s?
Which term refers to individuals demonstrating significantly below-average intelligence in the early 1900s?
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What does minor physical anomalies refer to?
What does minor physical anomalies refer to?
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In Body Typing Theory, what are the three categories used for somatotyping?
In Body Typing Theory, what are the three categories used for somatotyping?
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Which temperament is linked to an endomorphic (obese) body type?
Which temperament is linked to an endomorphic (obese) body type?
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What is suggested about genetic factors in relation to criminal behavior?
What is suggested about genetic factors in relation to criminal behavior?
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Which brain region's dysfunction is primarily linked to difficulty in impulse control and decision-making?
Which brain region's dysfunction is primarily linked to difficulty in impulse control and decision-making?
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What role do brain structure anomalies play in criminal behavior?
What role do brain structure anomalies play in criminal behavior?
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How does evolutionary psychology interpret criminal behavior?
How does evolutionary psychology interpret criminal behavior?
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Which of the following may contribute to aggressive behavior associated with crime?
Which of the following may contribute to aggressive behavior associated with crime?
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What is the relationship between environmental factors and genetic predispositions in the context of criminal behavior?
What is the relationship between environmental factors and genetic predispositions in the context of criminal behavior?
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What characteristic of certain brain regions has been linked to a higher risk for criminal behavior?
What characteristic of certain brain regions has been linked to a higher risk for criminal behavior?
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What distinguishes psychopathy from sociopathy in terms of origin?
What distinguishes psychopathy from sociopathy in terms of origin?
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Which characteristic is commonly associated with both psychopathy and sociopathy?
Which characteristic is commonly associated with both psychopathy and sociopathy?
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What is a major contributing factor in the development of sociopathy?
What is a major contributing factor in the development of sociopathy?
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How do psychopaths and sociopaths typically respond to societal rules and norms?
How do psychopaths and sociopaths typically respond to societal rules and norms?
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Which of the following is NOT a common treatment option for individuals with psychopathy or sociopathy?
Which of the following is NOT a common treatment option for individuals with psychopathy or sociopathy?
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What is a key characteristic of relationships affected by psychopathic and sociopathic traits?
What is a key characteristic of relationships affected by psychopathic and sociopathic traits?
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What is a major challenge in treating individuals with psychopathic traits?
What is a major challenge in treating individuals with psychopathic traits?
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What is a significant risk associated with the treatment of psychopathy and sociopathy?
What is a significant risk associated with the treatment of psychopathy and sociopathy?
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How did the incorporation of psychological assessments influence criminal justice policy?
How did the incorporation of psychological assessments influence criminal justice policy?
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What was a primary purpose of using psychological assessments in understanding criminal behavior?
What was a primary purpose of using psychological assessments in understanding criminal behavior?
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Which of the following statements reflects a key issue in the nature vs. nurture debate in criminology?
Which of the following statements reflects a key issue in the nature vs. nurture debate in criminology?
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In the context of psychological assessments, what does the term 'individual differences' refer to?
In the context of psychological assessments, what does the term 'individual differences' refer to?
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What was a consequence of psychological assessments in criminal justice?
What was a consequence of psychological assessments in criminal justice?
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Which factor became increasingly considered in relation to criminality due to psychological assessments?
Which factor became increasingly considered in relation to criminality due to psychological assessments?
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Why is understanding psychological factors important in criminology?
Why is understanding psychological factors important in criminology?
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What ongoing debate among criminologists highlights the complexity of criminal behavior?
What ongoing debate among criminologists highlights the complexity of criminal behavior?
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Study Notes
Positivist Criminology
- Assumes individuals lack free will to control behavior.
Eugenics
- Seeks to improve the human race through discriminatory control of reproduction.
Craniometry
- Measured skull size to determine perceived superiority/inferiority.
Phrenology
- Examined skull bumps to predict personality traits.
Physiognomy
- Analyzed facial and body features to identify developmental issues.
Atavism
- Believed certain traits/behaviors were evolutionary throwbacks.
Stigmata
- Physical signs of atavism, per Lombroso's theory.
Determinism
- Human behavior is caused by forces beyond free will.
Minor Physical Anomalies
- Physical features (e.g., asymmetrical ears) associated with developmental problems.
Feeble-mindedness
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Early 1900s scientific term for significantly below-average intelligence.
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Subtypes included Morons, Imbeciles, and Idiots.
Body Typing Theory
- Links body type to criminal/delinquent behavior.
- Uses somatotyping and three body types (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph).
Somatotyping
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Categorizes body types (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph) based on physical build.
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Endomorph: Inner body tissue layer (viscerotonic temperament—jolly, happy-go-lucky)
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Mesomorph: Middle body tissue layer (somatotonic temperament—aggressive, extroverted)
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Ectomorph: Outer body tissue layer (cerebrotonic temperament—shy, introverted)
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Description
This quiz explores various concepts in positivist criminology, including eugenics, atavism, and theories related to physical characteristics and behavior. Test your understanding of how these theories have shaped perceptions of criminality and human behavior through history.
