Criminology and Crime Victimization
56 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of crime is related to behaviors targeting women and children?

  • Property crime
  • White-collar crime
  • Violent crime (correct)
  • Hate crime (correct)

    • Which of the following crime types focuses specifically on acts motivated by bias against race, religion, or other characteristics?

  • Violent crime
  • Property crime
  • White-collar crime
  • Hate crime (correct)

    • What does the term 'mala prohibita' mean?

  • Crimes that are inherently evil
  • Crimes considered wrong because they are prohibited (correct)
  • Crimes that are based on cultural customs
  • Crimes that involve physical harm to others

    • Which of the following behaviors does not fall under the study of criminology?

    <p>Mental health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best represents a 'mala in se' crime?

    <p>Murder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major area in criminology would examine the impact of laws related to theft?

    <p>Crime and Public Policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the connection between law and morality?

    <p>The relationship became less clear over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option falls under the category of social control institutions in criminology?

    <p>Police, Courts, and Corrections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of criminology could explore why girls are drawn to certain crime types?

    <p>Gender and Crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major rights granted to victims under proposed federal constitutional amendments?

    <p>The right to be informed, present, and heard during significant proceedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do interests play in the creation and enforcement of laws, as observed in the content?

    <p>Interests influence the regulation of legal rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the development of criminal law?

    <p>It evolved from existing legal systems over two thousand years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is described as efforts made within social groups to ensure predictable behavior?

    <p>Social control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of social control is characterized by laws and regulations?

    <p>Formal social control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was considered a 'private wrong' in primitive law?

    <p>Injuries to individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of law as described in the Kauzlarich and Barlow reading?

    <p>To harmonize and adjust conflicting interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criticism has been levied against the functionalist theory of sociological jurisprudence?

    <p>It emphasizes compromise and harmony too much.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the conflict perspective on law emphasize?

    <p>The real workings of societal institutions and their conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of law underwent a transformation as societies became more complex?

    <p>The distinction between moral and legal codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legalistic definition of crime?

    <p>Behavior that is legally defined as unacceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the process of removing criminal status from certain behaviors?

    <p>Decriminalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the labeling perspective in criminology?

    <p>The effect of social labeling on individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is meant by 'mala in se' crimes?

    <p>Crimes that are inherently wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the conflict perspective in criminology emphasize?

    <p>The power dynamics in the creation of laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the necessary criteria for an act to be considered a crime?

    <p>The act must constitute a social harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'mens rea' refer to in the context of criminal behavior?

    <p>The guilty mind or criminal intent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect must be established for an act to result in legal punishment?

    <p>The punishment must be specified in advance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the legalistic definition of crime, what is required for conduct to be considered criminal?

    <p>The conduct must be performed voluntarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a legitimate critique of the legalistic definition of crime?

    <p>It omits acts that cause societal harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one condition that must be fulfilled for an act to be categorized as a crime under law?

    <p>The act must be causally linked to harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not inherently part of the legal definition of crime?

    <p>Acts that occur in a specific economic context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of crime prevention efforts for victims?

    <p>To reduce the probability of victimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Victims' compensation programs are primarily funded by which source?

    <p>The state using public resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critics argue about the victim movement?

    <p>It is manipulated for political gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic groups are identified as being least equipped to deal with the consequences of crime?

    <p>Single-parent families and the poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of support aims to compensate victims for their losses?

    <p>Restitution from the offender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutional change has improved the status of victims over time?

    <p>Amendments granting victims additional rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of modern assistance programs for victims?

    <p>Victims have more legal rights now than historically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization primarily helps victims navigate the judicial process?

    <p>Victims' advocate offices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are restitution options for offenders viewed by judges in many jurisdictions?

    <p>As an optional component in sentencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of ideology according to the discussion on criminal justice?

    <p>To serve as a guiding framework for policy decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of criminal justice practitioners was less likely to support alternatives to prison as punishment?

    <p>Judges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the ideological positions on crime categorized by Miller?

    <p>As leftist, centrist, and rightist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique does Samuel Walker make regarding perspectives on crime?

    <p>That both liberals and conservatives spread misleading information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an ideology lose its influence over time according to the content?

    <p>Changes in public opinion and belief systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is most crucial in determining an ideology's influence on policy?

    <p>The power and influence of its adherents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does leftist ideology generally argue about the ruling elite and crime?

    <p>They contribute to creating crime through exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of the crime control model in the criminal justice process?

    <p>Repression of criminal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Herbert Packer characterize the due process model?

    <p>As an obstacle course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model is likened to a conveyer belt in the processing of cases?

    <p>Crime control model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of criminal justice, what does 'finality' refer to?

    <p>The conclusion of cases with minimal challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what assumption is prevalent among those working in criminal justice?

    <p>Apprehended individuals are presumed guilty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of failing to maintain control over criminal behavior as per the crime control model?

    <p>Erosion of important freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between the crime control model and the due process model?

    <p>One seeks efficiency while the other seeks fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the quality of administrative fact-finding play in the crime control model?

    <p>It ensures efficient processing of cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is anticipated if criminal conduct is not controlled effectively, according to the crime control model?

    <p>Breakdown of public order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crime Victimization Rates

    • Violent crime victimization rates per 1,000 households decreased between 1976 and 2006
    • Property crime victimization rates per 1,000 households decreased between 1976 and 2006

    Major Subject Areas in Criminology

    • Age and Crime
    • Alcohol, Drugs, and Crime
    • Biology and Crime
    • Comparative Criminology
    • Crime and Public Policy
    • Crime and the Media
    • Criminological Theory
    • Economic Class and Crime
    • Environmental Criminology
    • Fear of Crime
    • Gender and Crime
    • Guns and Crime
    • Hate Crime
    • Juvenile Delinquency
    • Race, Ethnicity and Crime
    • Research Methods
    • Social Control Institutions (Police, Courts, and Corrections)
    • Victimology
    • White-Collar Crime (including State and Corporate Crime)
    • Violence Against Women

    Why Criminal Law Developed

    • To protect individuals from harm
    • To regulate social interactions and activities
    • To enforce moral standards

    What Criminal Law Is

    • A form of law that developed over time
    • A product of centuries of change
    • Stems from primitive law
    • Defined by a set of rules
    • Enforced by societal institutions

    The Development of Criminal Law

    • Early law primarily focused on private wrongs
    • Shift towards public wrongs and the establishment of criminal tribunals
    • The Roman Empire's law, with offenses against the state, developed formal legal systems
    • Early codes, like the Code of Hammurabi, had a broad scope and covered diverse areas

    Mala Prohibita and Mala in Se

    • Mala Prohibita: Acts that are wrong due to being forbidden.
    • Mala in Se: Acts that are inherently wrong and considered bad.
    • Drug offenses and traffic violations are Mala Prohibita, while incest and murder are Mala in Se.

    Interests and the Development of Law

    • Interests are essential in the creation and enforcement of legal rules.
    • Different people value different things, leading to conflicts and the need for laws to harmonise interests.
    • Roscoe Pound's functionalist theory emphasises the balancing of conflicting interests.
    • Critics argued that the functionalist theory overemphasises compromise and harmony.
    • Richard Quinney's conflict perspective highlights the power dynamics and inequalities within legal systems.

    The Changing Nature of Law

    • Laws, criminal justice institutions, and actors have become more sensitive to issues like violence against women.

    What is Crime?

    • Crime is defined using a legalistic approach which involves a number of criteria: conduct, social harm, legal prohibition, voluntary conduct, intentional conduct, causal link, and legal punishment
    • The legal definition has been challenged by some who argue that it doesn’t include all harmful acts deemed socially injurious, such as imperialism, racism, sexism, and violations of human rights

    Victims of Crime

    • Victims of crime can be seen as the forgotten people of the crime scene
    • Modern criminal law often failed to account for victims' experiences, leading to their neglect
    • Victim support programs have emerged to address this, including compensation programs, restitution, and victims' advocate offices
    • Victims' rights are included in constitutional amendments in many states, offering a greater focus on their needs

    Ideology and Public Policy on Crime

    • Ideology plays a significant role in shaping public policy decisions on crime
    • Different individuals and groups hold varying ideological perspectives on crime, influencing their views on its causes, solutions, and appropriate responses
    • Samuel Walker argues that both liberals and conservatives contribute to "peddling nonsense" about crime, suggesting that many people lack well-founded information about crime and justice
    • Ideology is often a “hidden agenda” in the criminal justice system, and its influence can be seen in policy changes over time

    Crime Control Model

    • Emphasizes repression of criminal behavior and sees the failure of law enforcement as a breakdown of public order
    • Focuses on speed, uniformity, and presumption of guilt to keep the accused moving through the criminal justice system effectively
    • Uses a “conveyer belt” analogy to illustrate its efficient approach, emphasizing the importance of expeditious processing and screening of offenders

    Due Process Model

    • Presents a contrasting view, prioritizing individual rights and procedural safeguards to ensure fairness
    • Depicts a “obstacle course” where each stage of the process is designed to protect the accused and prevent wrongful convictions
    • Values accuracy and meticulousness, prioritizing protecting individual rights even if it slows down the process

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Introduction To Criminology 9th Edition PDF

    Description

    Explore the trends in crime victimization rates and the major subject areas within criminology. Understand how criminal law has evolved to protect individuals and regulate social interactions. This quiz delves into various aspects of crime, including age, gender, and social control institutions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser