Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of crime is related to behaviors targeting women and children?
What type of crime is related to behaviors targeting women and children?
- Property crime
- White-collar crime
- Violent crime (correct)
- Hate crime (correct)
Which of the following crime types focuses specifically on acts motivated by bias against race, religion, or other characteristics?
Which of the following crime types focuses specifically on acts motivated by bias against race, religion, or other characteristics?
- Violent crime
- Property crime
- White-collar crime
- Hate crime (correct)
What does the term 'mala prohibita' mean?
What does the term 'mala prohibita' mean?
- Crimes that are inherently evil
- Crimes considered wrong because they are prohibited (correct)
- Crimes that are based on cultural customs
- Crimes that involve physical harm to others
Which of the following behaviors does not fall under the study of criminology?
Which of the following behaviors does not fall under the study of criminology?
Which example best represents a 'mala in se' crime?
Which example best represents a 'mala in se' crime?
What major area in criminology would examine the impact of laws related to theft?
What major area in criminology would examine the impact of laws related to theft?
Which statement best describes the connection between law and morality?
Which statement best describes the connection between law and morality?
Which option falls under the category of social control institutions in criminology?
Which option falls under the category of social control institutions in criminology?
Which area of criminology could explore why girls are drawn to certain crime types?
Which area of criminology could explore why girls are drawn to certain crime types?
What is one of the major rights granted to victims under proposed federal constitutional amendments?
What is one of the major rights granted to victims under proposed federal constitutional amendments?
What role do interests play in the creation and enforcement of laws, as observed in the content?
What role do interests play in the creation and enforcement of laws, as observed in the content?
Which statement best describes the development of criminal law?
Which statement best describes the development of criminal law?
What concept is described as efforts made within social groups to ensure predictable behavior?
What concept is described as efforts made within social groups to ensure predictable behavior?
Which type of social control is characterized by laws and regulations?
Which type of social control is characterized by laws and regulations?
What was considered a 'private wrong' in primitive law?
What was considered a 'private wrong' in primitive law?
What is the primary function of law as described in the Kauzlarich and Barlow reading?
What is the primary function of law as described in the Kauzlarich and Barlow reading?
What criticism has been levied against the functionalist theory of sociological jurisprudence?
What criticism has been levied against the functionalist theory of sociological jurisprudence?
What does the conflict perspective on law emphasize?
What does the conflict perspective on law emphasize?
Which aspect of law underwent a transformation as societies became more complex?
Which aspect of law underwent a transformation as societies became more complex?
What is the legalistic definition of crime?
What is the legalistic definition of crime?
Which of the following terms refers to the process of removing criminal status from certain behaviors?
Which of the following terms refers to the process of removing criminal status from certain behaviors?
What is the primary focus of the labeling perspective in criminology?
What is the primary focus of the labeling perspective in criminology?
According to the content, what is meant by 'mala in se' crimes?
According to the content, what is meant by 'mala in se' crimes?
What does the conflict perspective in criminology emphasize?
What does the conflict perspective in criminology emphasize?
What is one of the necessary criteria for an act to be considered a crime?
What is one of the necessary criteria for an act to be considered a crime?
What does 'mens rea' refer to in the context of criminal behavior?
What does 'mens rea' refer to in the context of criminal behavior?
Which aspect must be established for an act to result in legal punishment?
Which aspect must be established for an act to result in legal punishment?
According to the legalistic definition of crime, what is required for conduct to be considered criminal?
According to the legalistic definition of crime, what is required for conduct to be considered criminal?
What is a legitimate critique of the legalistic definition of crime?
What is a legitimate critique of the legalistic definition of crime?
What is one condition that must be fulfilled for an act to be categorized as a crime under law?
What is one condition that must be fulfilled for an act to be categorized as a crime under law?
Which of the following is not inherently part of the legal definition of crime?
Which of the following is not inherently part of the legal definition of crime?
What is one of the main objectives of crime prevention efforts for victims?
What is one of the main objectives of crime prevention efforts for victims?
Victims' compensation programs are primarily funded by which source?
Victims' compensation programs are primarily funded by which source?
What do critics argue about the victim movement?
What do critics argue about the victim movement?
Which demographic groups are identified as being least equipped to deal with the consequences of crime?
Which demographic groups are identified as being least equipped to deal with the consequences of crime?
What type of support aims to compensate victims for their losses?
What type of support aims to compensate victims for their losses?
What constitutional change has improved the status of victims over time?
What constitutional change has improved the status of victims over time?
What is a significant outcome of modern assistance programs for victims?
What is a significant outcome of modern assistance programs for victims?
Which organization primarily helps victims navigate the judicial process?
Which organization primarily helps victims navigate the judicial process?
How are restitution options for offenders viewed by judges in many jurisdictions?
How are restitution options for offenders viewed by judges in many jurisdictions?
What is the main purpose of ideology according to the discussion on criminal justice?
What is the main purpose of ideology according to the discussion on criminal justice?
Which group of criminal justice practitioners was less likely to support alternatives to prison as punishment?
Which group of criminal justice practitioners was less likely to support alternatives to prison as punishment?
How are the ideological positions on crime categorized by Miller?
How are the ideological positions on crime categorized by Miller?
What critique does Samuel Walker make regarding perspectives on crime?
What critique does Samuel Walker make regarding perspectives on crime?
Why might an ideology lose its influence over time according to the content?
Why might an ideology lose its influence over time according to the content?
What element is most crucial in determining an ideology's influence on policy?
What element is most crucial in determining an ideology's influence on policy?
What does leftist ideology generally argue about the ruling elite and crime?
What does leftist ideology generally argue about the ruling elite and crime?
What is the primary emphasis of the crime control model in the criminal justice process?
What is the primary emphasis of the crime control model in the criminal justice process?
How does Herbert Packer characterize the due process model?
How does Herbert Packer characterize the due process model?
Which model is likened to a conveyer belt in the processing of cases?
Which model is likened to a conveyer belt in the processing of cases?
In the context of criminal justice, what does 'finality' refer to?
In the context of criminal justice, what does 'finality' refer to?
According to the content, what assumption is prevalent among those working in criminal justice?
According to the content, what assumption is prevalent among those working in criminal justice?
What is one of the consequences of failing to maintain control over criminal behavior as per the crime control model?
What is one of the consequences of failing to maintain control over criminal behavior as per the crime control model?
What is a significant difference between the crime control model and the due process model?
What is a significant difference between the crime control model and the due process model?
What role does the quality of administrative fact-finding play in the crime control model?
What role does the quality of administrative fact-finding play in the crime control model?
What outcome is anticipated if criminal conduct is not controlled effectively, according to the crime control model?
What outcome is anticipated if criminal conduct is not controlled effectively, according to the crime control model?
Study Notes
Crime Victimization Rates
- Violent crime victimization rates per 1,000 households decreased between 1976 and 2006
- Property crime victimization rates per 1,000 households decreased between 1976 and 2006
Major Subject Areas in Criminology
- Age and Crime
- Alcohol, Drugs, and Crime
- Biology and Crime
- Comparative Criminology
- Crime and Public Policy
- Crime and the Media
- Criminological Theory
- Economic Class and Crime
- Environmental Criminology
- Fear of Crime
- Gender and Crime
- Guns and Crime
- Hate Crime
- Juvenile Delinquency
- Race, Ethnicity and Crime
- Research Methods
- Social Control Institutions (Police, Courts, and Corrections)
- Victimology
- White-Collar Crime (including State and Corporate Crime)
- Violence Against Women
Why Criminal Law Developed
- To protect individuals from harm
- To regulate social interactions and activities
- To enforce moral standards
What Criminal Law Is
- A form of law that developed over time
- A product of centuries of change
- Stems from primitive law
- Defined by a set of rules
- Enforced by societal institutions
The Development of Criminal Law
- Early law primarily focused on private wrongs
- Shift towards public wrongs and the establishment of criminal tribunals
- The Roman Empire's law, with offenses against the state, developed formal legal systems
- Early codes, like the Code of Hammurabi, had a broad scope and covered diverse areas
Mala Prohibita and Mala in Se
- Mala Prohibita: Acts that are wrong due to being forbidden.
- Mala in Se: Acts that are inherently wrong and considered bad.
- Drug offenses and traffic violations are Mala Prohibita, while incest and murder are Mala in Se.
Interests and the Development of Law
- Interests are essential in the creation and enforcement of legal rules.
- Different people value different things, leading to conflicts and the need for laws to harmonise interests.
- Roscoe Pound's functionalist theory emphasises the balancing of conflicting interests.
- Critics argued that the functionalist theory overemphasises compromise and harmony.
- Richard Quinney's conflict perspective highlights the power dynamics and inequalities within legal systems.
The Changing Nature of Law
- Laws, criminal justice institutions, and actors have become more sensitive to issues like violence against women.
What is Crime?
- Crime is defined using a legalistic approach which involves a number of criteria: conduct, social harm, legal prohibition, voluntary conduct, intentional conduct, causal link, and legal punishment
- The legal definition has been challenged by some who argue that it doesn’t include all harmful acts deemed socially injurious, such as imperialism, racism, sexism, and violations of human rights
Victims of Crime
- Victims of crime can be seen as the forgotten people of the crime scene
- Modern criminal law often failed to account for victims' experiences, leading to their neglect
- Victim support programs have emerged to address this, including compensation programs, restitution, and victims' advocate offices
- Victims' rights are included in constitutional amendments in many states, offering a greater focus on their needs
Ideology and Public Policy on Crime
- Ideology plays a significant role in shaping public policy decisions on crime
- Different individuals and groups hold varying ideological perspectives on crime, influencing their views on its causes, solutions, and appropriate responses
- Samuel Walker argues that both liberals and conservatives contribute to "peddling nonsense" about crime, suggesting that many people lack well-founded information about crime and justice
- Ideology is often a “hidden agenda” in the criminal justice system, and its influence can be seen in policy changes over time
Crime Control Model
- Emphasizes repression of criminal behavior and sees the failure of law enforcement as a breakdown of public order
- Focuses on speed, uniformity, and presumption of guilt to keep the accused moving through the criminal justice system effectively
- Uses a “conveyer belt” analogy to illustrate its efficient approach, emphasizing the importance of expeditious processing and screening of offenders
Due Process Model
- Presents a contrasting view, prioritizing individual rights and procedural safeguards to ensure fairness
- Depicts a “obstacle course” where each stage of the process is designed to protect the accused and prevent wrongful convictions
- Values accuracy and meticulousness, prioritizing protecting individual rights even if it slows down the process
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Description
Explore the trends in crime victimization rates and the major subject areas within criminology. Understand how criminal law has evolved to protect individuals and regulate social interactions. This quiz delves into various aspects of crime, including age, gender, and social control institutions.
