Criminal Justice System Overview

Judiciary = Judges taken collectively Legislature = An elected body with authority to make laws Plea Bargain = A negotiated agreement between prosecution and defendant SCOTUS = Supreme Court of the United States

Juvenile Justice = System designed to handle lawbreaking by minors Unconstitutional = Not in accordance with the Constitution Nonsystem Argument = Components of criminal justice system are in conflict Procedural Due Process = Requirement for fair treatment in the justice system

United States Supreme Court = Highest court in the United States SCOTUS = Informal abbreviation for the Supreme Court Legislature = Responsible for creating laws Judiciary = Collective term for judges

<p>Nonsystem Argument = The belief that the criminal justice system lacks coherence Legislature = The body responsible for law-making Judiciary = The part of government responsible for the administration of justice Plea Bargain = A deal made to avoid trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appellate Court = A court that is empowered to rehear cases originating in a trial court. Constitution = A body of fundamental principles by which a nation or state is governed. Criminal Code = The portion of the United States Code or the Code of an individual state that deals with criminal law. Due Process = The constitutional guarantee that a defendant will receive fair and impartial treatment by the criminal justice system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Executive Branch = The branch of government tasked with the administration of public affairs, and the enforcement of laws and policies. Congress of the United States = The legislative branch of the United States government, composed of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Judicial Review = The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of legislative enactments. Dual Federalism = A system of government like that of the United States where there are both national and state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effectiveness = Carrying out justice system activities with proper regard for equity, proportionality, constitutional protections afforded defendants and convicted offenders, and public safety. Efficiency = Economically applying available resources to accomplish statutory goals as well as to improve public safety. Fairness = Justice issues such as assuring equal treatment and handling of like offenders and giving equal weight to legally relevant factors in sentencing. Hierarchical = An organizational structure where elements are arranged by rank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual Court System = A term describing the American governmental structure characterized by having both state courts and federal courts. Decisions (courts) = The written opinions of appellate courts that have the force of law in common law countries like the United States. Code = A comprehensive set of laws arranged by subject. Criminal Code = The portion of the United States Code or the Code of an individual state that deals with criminal law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due Process = Ensures fair treatment in the legal proceedings for defendants. Common Law = Relies on established precedents from judicial decisions. Judicial Review = Checks the constitutionality of legislative actions. Fairness = Promotes equal treatment among offenders in the legal process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the importance of judicial decisions in shaping laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assurance that defendants receive fair treatment within the justice system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It mandates fair legal proceedings and treatment within the justice system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A collection of statutes outlining crimes and their corresponding punishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves a negotiated agreement to plead guilty to lesser charges</p> Signup and view all the answers