Crime Measurement and Statistics

False (B)

Dark figure of crime

<p>barometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Police recorded crime figures = Data collected from police reports of crimes Crime Survey of England and Wales = Survey that collects information from a large sample of individuals about their experiences with crime Local report studies = In-depth investigations into specific crime issues within a local area Self-report studies = Surveys where individuals anonymously disclose their own criminal activity Victim surveys = Surveys that collect information from people who have been victims of crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embarrassment (A), Belief that their complaint will not be treated justly (B), Fear of reprisals (C), Hiding their own criminal activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cuffing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>police</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Undiscovered Crime = A crime that occurs but is never recognized as such. Unreported Crime = A crime that is never reported to the police. Unrecorded Crime = A crime that is reported to the police but not officially recorded due to police discretion or counting rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More state action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public perception of what constitutes a crime (A), Police discretion (B), Victim willingness to give evidence in court (C), Media portrayal of crime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide insights into crimes often hidden from official statistics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validity and representativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>young</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly = Higher risk of victimization Young males = Higher risk of victimization Women = More fearful of physical attack Minority ethnic groups = Higher fear of crime compared to majority white population</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child abuse and cybercrime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underreporting of knife crime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic recession (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Official crime statistics may not reflect the full extent of crime due to factors such as underreporting and the absence of certain crimes from the records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traffic offenses = Statutory Offences Financial fraud = White-collar crimes Domestic violence = Violent crimes Prostitution = Victimless crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of retaliation, shame, or distrust in the criminal justice system can discourage victims from reporting these types of crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be affected by memory distortions and biases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identification of a crime by the victim or witness.

Data collected about crime incidents, types, and perpetrators.

Factors preventing victims from reporting crimes, such as fear or embarrassment.

Useful for assessing public safety and police performance.

Discrepancy between reported crimes and those officially recorded by police.

Surveys collecting data from victims about their experiences with crime.

Influences from directives and internal policies that affect crime recording.

Surveys that ask individuals to report their own criminal behavior.

Idea shaped by societal attitudes regarding crime and its measurement.

The gap between actual crimes committed and those recorded in statistics.

Categorization of crime as undiscovered, unreported, or unrecorded.

Crimes that have been reported and acknowledged by the police.

The anxiety and apprehension individuals feel about becoming a victim.

Understanding that official crime statistics may not reflect true crime levels.

Increase in crime detection due to better policing and technology.

The trustworthiness of crime statistics to accurately reflect reality.

The perception that more laws lead to more reported crimes.

Increased sensitivity in society leads to more crime reports, especially violence.

Stats show common traits of criminals, often male, young, and from disadvantaged backgrounds.

The principle that correlation in statistics does not imply one causes the other.

Surveys that gather data on individuals' experiences as victims of crime.

Issues include reliance on memory, miscategorization, and exclusion of certain crimes.

Crimes not captured in statistics, like white-collar crimes and victimless crimes.

Certain crimes, especially personal attacks and domestic violence, are rarely reported.

Surveys asking individuals to confess to crimes they committed.

Recorded crimes increased due to admissions from offenders.

Found young females have similar crime rates to young males.

Self-report studies lack validity, representativeness, and relevance.

Elderly and youths under 16 report high levels of fear.

Women fear physical attacks almost three times more than men.

Revealed significant public fear of crime affecting daily life.

Flawed recording of crimes, such as knife crime underestimated.