Crime & Criminal Justice Overview
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Crime & Criminal Justice Overview

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Questions and Answers

What best describes federalism?

  • A system of government in which states are independent and self-governing
  • A system of checks and balances within the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government
  • A system of government dominated by an all-powerful federal government
  • A sharing of government powers by federal and state authorities (correct)

    • Which of the following is not an express power of the federal government?

  • The power to raise an army
  • The power to regulate interstate commerce
  • Police powers (correct)
  • The power to coin money

    • At what level of law enforcement are the duties divided between counties and municipalities?

  • State
  • National
  • Federal
  • Local (correct)

    • Which officers are responsible for policing a state's natural resources and firearm laws?

    <p>Wildlife wardens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is known for operating throughout the United States?

    <p>Federal agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a court system with multiple levels?

    <p>Dual court system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Those convicted of minor crimes with relatively short sentences are held in which of the following?

    <p>Jails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After sentencing, offenders are typically placed into which system?

    <p>Corrections system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common correctional treatment that allows offenders to return to the community under supervision?

    <p>Probation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the facilities that house those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences?

    <p>Prisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the community supervision that occurs after release from jail or prison?

    <p>Parole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an example of a community-based sentence?

    <p>Minimum security prisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability to choose between and among alternative courses of action is known as what?

    <p>Discretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herbert Packer likened the idealized criminal justice system to what?

    <p>Assembly line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to make operational decisions based on personal judgment instead of formal rules called?

    <p>Discretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collectively, the discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals produce a what?

    <p>Discretionary outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as an act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions?

    <p>A crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the consensus model of criminal justice, what is a key feature?

    <p>Most citizens agree on what should be criminalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT a component of the integrated definition of crime?

    <p>Prosecuted by victims or their families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes deviance?

    <p>It represents behaviors that contradict societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the integrated definition of crime emphasize about how offenses are treated?

    <p>Society as a whole addresses offenses, not individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the criminal justice system, what is typically the primary focus of law in relation to government power?

    <p>To defend individual rights against government overreach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly held belief about deviance is inaccurate?

    <p>All deviant acts are classified as crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misconception about the prosecution of crimes?

    <p>Victims always initiate prosecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the moral principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong called?

    <p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the protection of individuals and society is incorrect?

    <p>Individuals have more rights than society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options emphasizes society's right to be protected from crime?

    <p>Crime Control Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a psychoactive drug?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If prosecutors file formal charges against Beth for burglary, which court will she appear in?

    <p>State Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity would most likely NOT be involved in determining Beth's guilt or innocence in court?

    <p>Probation Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Beth is found guilty, which of the following sentences would a judge likely NOT impose?

    <p>Death Penalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the likely next step for the police department if crime rates have declined?

    <p>Expanding crime-fighting measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the practice of rigorously enforcing minor offenses known as?

    <p>Zero Tolerance Policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would not be considered a form of biometrics by Chief Thomas?

    <p>Social security number verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topic would not be discussed in a pamphlet on psychoactive drugs?

    <p>The history of psychoactive drugs in literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Consensus model, what assumption is made about society's members?

    <p>They are generally in agreement about shared values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the Conflict model, how is society viewed?

    <p>As diverse with conflicting value systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about deviance is false?

    <p>Deviance is universally understood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about justice?

    <p>Justice can change based on societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assertions about federalism is incorrect?

    <p>Federalism concentrates power solely at the federal level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crime & Criminal Justice

    • An act violating criminal law punishable by criminal sanctions is a crime.
    • Crimes are offenses against society as a whole, prosecuted by public officials.
    • Crimes are punished by statutorily determined sanctions, such as loss of freedom or life.
    • Consensus model: Citizens agree on which activities are outlawed and punished.
    • Conflict model: Power groups determine which behaviors are criminal.
    • Deviance is behavior going against societal norms, not always criminal.

    Structure of the System

    • Federalism: Shared government powers between federal and state authorities.
    • Express power: Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution.
    • Police powers allow states to enact laws protecting citizens' safety and welfare.
    • Dual court system consists of federal and state courts.
    • Corrections system manages offenders after they are convicted and sentenced.
    • Probation is the most common correctional treatment, allowing offenders to return to the community under supervision.
    • Jails hold those convicted of minor crimes or awaiting trial.
    • Prisons house those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences.

    Discretion and the Criminal Justice Process

    • Discretion is the ability to choose between alternative courses of action.
    • Criminal justice professionals make discretionary decisions that shape the system's operations.
    • Criminal justice process: A series of sequential steps involving law enforcement, prosecution, courts, and corrections.
    • Key stages:
      • Initial contact: First interaction with the criminal justice system.
      • Investigation: Police gather evidence to determine if a crime has been committed.
      • Arrest: Suspect is taken into custody and charged with a crime.
      • Booking: Suspect is formally processed into the system.
      • First appearance: Suspect appears before a magistrate to be informed of the charges against them.
      • Preliminary hearing: Determine whether there is probable cause to proceed to trial.
      • Indictment/Information: Formal accusation of a crime.
      • Arraignment: Defendant enters a plea to the charges.
      • Trial: Defendant is tried before a judge or jury.
      • Sentencing: Defendant is sentenced to a punishment if found guilty.
      • Corrections: Implemented punishment.
      • Reentry: Return to the community.

    Models of Justice

    • Crime control model: Prioritizes protection of society from criminals.
    • Due process model: emphasizes individual rights and protections against government power.
    • Morals: Principles of right and wrong behavior.
    • Psychoactive drugs: Substances affecting mental processes and behavior.

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    Related Documents

    Introduction To Criminal Justice Chapter 1 Assignment PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in crime and criminal justice, including the definition of crime, the consensus and conflict models, and the structure of the criminal justice system. You'll learn about federalism, the dual court system, and the corrections process. Test your understanding of how society defines crime and the systems in place to handle offenders.

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