38 Questions
According to Frederic Thrasher's study, gangs in Chicago were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
A lack of internal structure
According to Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory, what is the origin of violent crime?
All of the above
According to Elijah Anderson's study on Black neighborhoods in Philadelphia, what is the code of the street centered around?
Respect
According to interactionist theories, how is criminal behavior learned?
Through socialization and learning processes
According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminality is learned through
interactions with others who advocate for the commission of crimes
According to Sutherland's theory, criminal behavior is learned during interactions with others through
communication
According to Sutherland, the process of learning criminal behavior may include learning about
motives and rationalizations that justify criminal activity
According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of
negative social reactions and labeling
According to Agnew's theory of strain, what are the three distinct types of strain for adolescents?
The failure to achieve positively valued goals, the removal or loss of something valued by the individual, and the presence of negative stimuli
According to Agnew, what are the factors that predispose juveniles to delinquency?
Reaching the limit of their known coping strategies and reacting with anger and frustration
According to Agnew's theory, what is a possible cause of strain in an individual's life, particularly with adolescents?
Negative interaction, feeling that the deck is stacked against them, and no reason to live by society's rules
According to Albert Cohen's status frustration theory, what are the four factors that contribute to the development of delinquency in juveniles?
Social class, school performance, status frustration, and reaction formation
According to differential opportunity theory, what is the focus of the theory?
The discrepancy between what lower-class juveniles desire and the means available to them
What is one possible reason why some juveniles turn to delinquency?
To achieve a level of status they couldn't achieve through conventional means
According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what is one factor that contributes to the likelihood of using illegitimate means to achieve goals?
The gap between what an adolescent wants and what they can legally get
According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?
A lack of structure
What changes were made to convenience stores to make them less of a suitable target for robbery?
Installing video cameras
What factor was linked to an increase in delinquent behavior, illicit drug and heavy alcohol use, and dangerous driving among 18- to 26-year-olds?
Presence of peers
During the COVID-19 pandemic, which type of burglary decreased while another type increased?
Home burglaries decreased, car thefts increased
According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminal behavior is learned through
Interactions with others who communicate criminal values
According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of
The application of rules and sanctions by others
According to Becker, what can happen to an individual once a negative label is applied to them?
They experience negative societal reactions and a damaged self-image
According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?
A lack of social disorganization
According to Albert Cohen's status frustration theory, which of the following factors contribute to the development of delinquency in juveniles?
Social class, school performance, and reaction formation
According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what is one factor that contributes to the likelihood of using illegitimate means to achieve goals?
Access to illegal opportunities
According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?
Opportunity for escape
According to routine activities theory, which of the following elements is NOT required for a crime to be committed?
Absence of capable guardians
According to routine activities theory, what is measured by the extent to which people protect their property, themselves, and others from crime?
Presence of guardianship
According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of...
Labeling
According to routine activities theory, what is one reason for reduced guardianship?
Property being left unguarded
According to routine activities theory, what can be seen as a significant change in guardianship when it comes to home safety?
Having a doorbell that records video
According to Frederic Thrasher's study, what were some of the features that gangs had in common with formal organizations?
D. All of the above
According to Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory, what did they use as explanatory variables for the origin of violent crime?
A. Social conditions, social classes, and ethnic and racial groups
According to Elijah Anderson's study on Black neighborhoods in Philadelphia, what was the code of the street centered around?
A. Respect and deference
According to interactionist theories, how is criminal behavior learned?
A. Through interaction with others
According to Agnew's general strain theory, what is a possible cause of strain in an individual's life, particularly with adolescents?
Social injustice or inequality
According to Agnew, what are the three distinct types of strain for adolescents?
The failure to achieve positively valued goals, the removal or loss of something valued by the individual, and the presence of negative stimuli
According to Agnew, what are the four factors that predispose juveniles to delinquency?
The presence of negative affective states, the removal or loss of something valued by the individual, the failure to achieve positively valued goals, and negative stimuli
Test your knowledge on Routine Activities Theory and learn how crime is viewed as a result of everyday behaviors. Explore the three essential elements required for a crime to occur and understand how these factors contribute to the occurrence of robbery.
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