Crime and Routine Activities

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According to Frederic Thrasher's study, gangs in Chicago were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A lack of internal structure (correct)

An identity as a group

Commitment

Stability

According to Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory, what is the origin of violent crime?

Social conditions

Social classes

Ethnic and racial groups

All of the above (correct)

According to Elijah Anderson's study on Black neighborhoods in Philadelphia, what is the code of the street centered around?

Physical strength

Intellectual prowess

Respect (correct)

Violence

According to interactionist theories, how is criminal behavior learned?

Through socialization and learning processes Signup and view all the answers

According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminality is learned through

interactions with others who advocate for the commission of crimes Signup and view all the answers

According to Sutherland's theory, criminal behavior is learned during interactions with others through

communication Signup and view all the answers

According to Sutherland, the process of learning criminal behavior may include learning about

motives and rationalizations that justify criminal activity Signup and view all the answers

According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of

negative social reactions and labeling Signup and view all the answers

According to Agnew's theory of strain, what are the three distinct types of strain for adolescents?

The failure to achieve positively valued goals, the removal or loss of something valued by the individual, and the presence of negative stimuli Signup and view all the answers

According to Agnew, what are the factors that predispose juveniles to delinquency?

Reaching the limit of their known coping strategies and reacting with anger and frustration Signup and view all the answers

According to Agnew's theory, what is a possible cause of strain in an individual's life, particularly with adolescents?

Negative interaction, feeling that the deck is stacked against them, and no reason to live by society's rules Signup and view all the answers

According to Albert Cohen's status frustration theory, what are the four factors that contribute to the development of delinquency in juveniles?

Social class, school performance, status frustration, and reaction formation Signup and view all the answers

According to differential opportunity theory, what is the focus of the theory?

The discrepancy between what lower-class juveniles desire and the means available to them Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible reason why some juveniles turn to delinquency?

To achieve a level of status they couldn't achieve through conventional means Signup and view all the answers

According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what is one factor that contributes to the likelihood of using illegitimate means to achieve goals?

The gap between what an adolescent wants and what they can legally get Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?

A lack of structure Signup and view all the answers

What changes were made to convenience stores to make them less of a suitable target for robbery?

Installing video cameras Signup and view all the answers

What factor was linked to an increase in delinquent behavior, illicit drug and heavy alcohol use, and dangerous driving among 18- to 26-year-olds?

Presence of peers Signup and view all the answers

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which type of burglary decreased while another type increased?

Home burglaries decreased, car thefts increased Signup and view all the answers

According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminal behavior is learned through

Interactions with others who communicate criminal values Signup and view all the answers

According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of

The application of rules and sanctions by others Signup and view all the answers

According to Becker, what can happen to an individual once a negative label is applied to them?

They experience negative societal reactions and a damaged self-image Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?

A lack of social disorganization Signup and view all the answers

According to Albert Cohen's status frustration theory, which of the following factors contribute to the development of delinquency in juveniles?

Social class, school performance, and reaction formation Signup and view all the answers

According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what is one factor that contributes to the likelihood of using illegitimate means to achieve goals?

Access to illegal opportunities Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?

Opportunity for escape Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, which of the following elements is NOT required for a crime to be committed?

Absence of capable guardians Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, what is measured by the extent to which people protect their property, themselves, and others from crime?

Presence of guardianship Signup and view all the answers

According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of...

Labeling Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, what is one reason for reduced guardianship?

Property being left unguarded Signup and view all the answers

According to routine activities theory, what can be seen as a significant change in guardianship when it comes to home safety?

Having a doorbell that records video Signup and view all the answers

According to Frederic Thrasher's study, what were some of the features that gangs had in common with formal organizations?

D. All of the above Signup and view all the answers

According to Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory, what did they use as explanatory variables for the origin of violent crime?

A. Social conditions, social classes, and ethnic and racial groups Signup and view all the answers

According to Elijah Anderson's study on Black neighborhoods in Philadelphia, what was the code of the street centered around?

A. Respect and deference Signup and view all the answers

According to interactionist theories, how is criminal behavior learned?

A. Through interaction with others Signup and view all the answers

According to Agnew's general strain theory, what is a possible cause of strain in an individual's life, particularly with adolescents?

Social injustice or inequality Signup and view all the answers

According to Agnew, what are the three distinct types of strain for adolescents?

The failure to achieve positively valued goals, the removal or loss of something valued by the individual, and the presence of negative stimuli Signup and view all the answers

According to Agnew, what are the four factors that predispose juveniles to delinquency?

The presence of negative affective states, the removal or loss of something valued by the individual, the failure to achieve positively valued goals, and negative stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Crime and Routine Activities

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Questions and Answers

According to Frederic Thrasher's study, gangs in Chicago were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

According to Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory, what is the origin of violent crime?

According to Elijah Anderson's study on Black neighborhoods in Philadelphia, what is the code of the street centered around?

According to interactionist theories, how is criminal behavior learned?

According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminality is learned through

According to Sutherland's theory, criminal behavior is learned during interactions with others through

According to Sutherland, the process of learning criminal behavior may include learning about

According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of

According to Agnew's theory of strain, what are the three distinct types of strain for adolescents?

According to Agnew, what are the factors that predispose juveniles to delinquency?

According to Agnew's theory, what is a possible cause of strain in an individual's life, particularly with adolescents?

According to Albert Cohen's status frustration theory, what are the four factors that contribute to the development of delinquency in juveniles?

According to differential opportunity theory, what is the focus of the theory?

What is one possible reason why some juveniles turn to delinquency?

According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what is one factor that contributes to the likelihood of using illegitimate means to achieve goals?

According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?

What changes were made to convenience stores to make them less of a suitable target for robbery?

What factor was linked to an increase in delinquent behavior, illicit drug and heavy alcohol use, and dangerous driving among 18- to 26-year-olds?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which type of burglary decreased while another type increased?

According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, criminal behavior is learned through

According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of

According to Becker, what can happen to an individual once a negative label is applied to them?

According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?

According to Albert Cohen's status frustration theory, which of the following factors contribute to the development of delinquency in juveniles?

According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, what is one factor that contributes to the likelihood of using illegitimate means to achieve goals?

According to routine activities theory, which of the following is NOT one of the elements required for a crime to be committed?

According to routine activities theory, which of the following elements is NOT required for a crime to be committed?

According to routine activities theory, what is measured by the extent to which people protect their property, themselves, and others from crime?

According to Howard Becker's labeling theory, deviance is not a quality of the act, but rather a consequence of...

According to routine activities theory, what is one reason for reduced guardianship?

According to routine activities theory, what can be seen as a significant change in guardianship when it comes to home safety?

According to Frederic Thrasher's study, what were some of the features that gangs had in common with formal organizations?

According to Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti's subculture of violence theory, what did they use as explanatory variables for the origin of violent crime?

According to Elijah Anderson's study on Black neighborhoods in Philadelphia, what was the code of the street centered around?

According to interactionist theories, how is criminal behavior learned?

According to Agnew's general strain theory, what is a possible cause of strain in an individual's life, particularly with adolescents?

According to Agnew, what are the three distinct types of strain for adolescents?

According to Agnew, what are the four factors that predispose juveniles to delinquency?

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