18 Questions
Wardaugh (2006) refers to a creole as a pidgin that has become the first language of a new generation of ______
speakers
A creole is a variety of language defined according to its use in ______ situations
social
Aitchison (1994) states that creoles arise when pidgins become ______ tongues
mother
Register, sometimes called style, is a complicating factor in the study of language ______
varieties
According to Eaton (2012), different situations and people call for different ______
registers
Joos (1967) identifies 5 types of register used in spoken and written language: formal, frozen or static, consultative, casual, and ______
intimate
______ – geographical variant of a language
Dialect
______ – social dialect
Sociolect
______ – speech pattern of an individual
Idiolect
______ – not considered part of the standard vocabulary of a language
Slang
______ – sometimes called style which has five types used in spoken and written language
Register
Everyday registers are often spoken while in ______ context
Academic
Frozen or “static” register is often learned and repeated by ______
rote
Formal register is impersonal and often follows a prescriptive ______
format
Consultative register is used when consulting an expert such as a ______
doctor
Casual/Informal Register is conversational in ______
tone
Intimate register is the language used by ______
lovers
Personal e-mails, phone texts, short notes, friendly letters, most blogs, diaries, and journals make use of ______ register
casual
Study Notes
Language Varieties
- A pidgin is a contact language used for communication, but it's not a native speaker's first language/mother tongue.
- A creole is a pidgin that has become the first language of a new generation of speakers.
Creoles
- A creole is a 'normal' language in almost every sense.
- It's a pidgin that has expanded in structure and vocabulary to express a range of meanings and serve the functions required of a first language.
Registers
- A register is a set of language items associated with discrete or occupational groups.
- It's a variety of language defined according to its use in social situations.
- Registers are categorized according to the level of formality with which you speak.
Types of Registers
- Frozen or static register: Language is literally "frozen" in time and form, often learned and repeated by rote. Examples include biblical verse and the Pledge of Allegiance.
- Formal register: Impersonal, follows a prescriptive format, avoids slang, and uses technical or academic vocabulary.
- Consultative register: Used when consulting an expert, precise language, and addresses the expert by a title.
- Casual/Informal register: Conversational tone, used among friends, general words, and includes slang and colloquialisms.
- Intimate register: Language used by lovers, also used in sexual harassment, and is the most intimate form of language.
Language Varieties
- Dialect: Geographical variant of a language.
- Sociolect: Social dialect.
- Idiolect: Speech pattern of an individual.
- Slang: Not considered part of standard vocabulary of a language.
- Pidgins: Simplified languages.
- Register: Sometimes called style, has five types used in spoken and written language.
English Varieties
- British English and American English are two well-known varieties of English, differing in phonology, vocabulary, spelling, and grammar.
- Philippine English has linguistic properties and features, with idiosyncratic usages, and puristic or difficult to understand pronunciation.
Explore the definition and characteristics of creole languages compared to pidgin languages. Learn about how creoles are formed and why they are considered 'normal' languages. Dive into the distinctions between creoles and pidgins in terms of native speakers and communication purposes.
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