Creative Development and Data

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the most comprehensive application of iterative design principles in creative development?

  • An artist creates a digital painting and uses layering techniques to make adjustments to various elements, regularly stepping back to assess the overall composition and make iterative refinements to color and form.
  • A software development team releases a beta version of their application to a small group of users, gathers feedback on usability, and then makes adjustments based on that feedback before the official launch. (correct)
  • A game designer creates a game prototype, playtests it internally, and then ships the final version.
  • A web developer designs a website, gets feedback from stakeholders, implements the feedback, and proceeds to the next stage without returning to the earlier stage.

In the context of creative development, thorough documentation primarily serves to fulfill contractual obligations to stakeholders, with minimal impact on the actual development process itself.

False (B)

Describe a scenario in which a creative development project demonstrates a profound misunderstanding of its core purpose, resulting in ethical compromises.

A facial recognition system is developed without considering potential biases in its training data, leading to inaccurate or discriminatory outcomes.

The process of transforming unstructured data into a structured format to facilitate analysis is known as data ______.

<p>wrangling</p>
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Match the following data characteristics with their potential consequences:

<p>Incomplete Data = Leads to biased results. Inconsistent Data = Compromises the validity of conclusions and predictions. Duplicate Data = Results in skewed statistical analyses and inflated metrics. Outdated Data = Causes incorrect decision-making based on superseded information.</p>
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What is the most significant ethical consideration when collecting and utilizing large-scale datasets that contain personally identifiable information (PII)?

<p>Obtaining explicit and informed consent from individuals while guaranteeing data anonymity, and adhering to stringent data security protocols to prevent unauthorized access. (D)</p>
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Metadata is exclusively used for descriptive purposes and has no bearing on the actual manipulation or processing of data itself.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe a scenario in which a machine learning model trained on biased data could perpetuate or amplify societal discrimination.

<p>A hiring algorithm trained on historical hiring data that predominantly features males could unfairly disadvantage female applicants.</p>
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The process of identifying and rectifying errors, inconsistencies, and redundancies in raw data to ensure its quality and reliability is known as data ______.

<p>cleansing</p>
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Match the following data Visualization techniques with their respective purposes:

<p>Scatter Plot = Identifying correlations between two continuous variables. Histogram = Illustrating the distribution of a single variable. Box Plot = Depicting the median, quartiles, and outliers of a dataset. Heat Map = Displaying the magnitude of relationships between pairs of categorical variables.</p>
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Which algorithmic paradigm is most apt in computationally emulating a comprehensive navigation solution within a self-driving vehicle, considering real-time adaptive route recalibrations contingent on dynamic environmental variables?

<p>A heuristic-based algorithm incorporating real-time sensor data and machine learning techniques to dynamically optimize routes based on traffic conditions, obstacle detection, and predictive analytics. (B)</p>
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In the realm of algorithm design, the principle of 'selection' invariably necessitates the incorporation of iterative looping constructs to ensure comprehensive conditional evaluation.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Elaborate on a scenario wherein the injudicious application of algorithmic abstraction could precipitate unforeseen deleterious ramifications within a safety-critical software ecosystem.

<p>Over-abstraction of sensor data processing in an autonomous vehicle, leading to failure to detect critical anomalies and causing an accident.</p>
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A software defect arising from a disparity between the intended program logic and its actual implemented behavior is known as a ______ error.

<p>logic</p>
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Match the following algorithmic efficiency metrics with their corresponding implications regarding resource utilization:

<p>Time Complexity = Indicates the amount of computational time required by an algorithm as a function of the input size. Space Complexity = Reflects the amount of memory space required by an algorithm during its execution. Big O Notation = A mathematical notation used to describe the upper bound of an algorithm's time or space complexity. Asymptotic Analysis = Evaluates the efficiency of algorithms as the input size approaches infinity, providing insights into scalability and performance.</p>
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Which of the following best describes the primary role of an operating system (OS) within a computer system?

<p>To manage hardware resources, provide services to applications, and mediate interactions between software and hardware components. (D)</p>
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In the context of computer networking, the terms 'Internet' and 'World Wide Web (WWW)' can be used interchangeably, as they both refer to the same global network infrastructure.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe a scenario in which a Domain Name System (DNS) server experiences a catastrophic failure, and explain the potential consequences for internet users attempting to access websites.

<p>Users would be unable to access websites using domain names, as the DNS server is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses. This could lead to widespread disruption of online services.</p>
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A ______ is a network device that forwards data packets between different networks, directing them to their intended destinations based on IP addresses.

<p>router</p>
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Match the following Cybersecurity threats with their corresponding mitigation strategies:

<p>Phishing = Employing robust email filtering and user education programs to identify and prevent fraudulent communications. Malware = Implementing endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions, regularly patching software vulnerabilities, and conducting comprehensive security audits. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks = Utilizing traffic filtering techniques, content delivery networks (CDNs), and intrusion detection systems to mitigate malicious traffic and ensure service availability. SQL Injection = Implementing parameterized queries, input validation, and web application firewalls (WAFs) to prevent unauthorized database access and data breaches.</p>
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Which of the following best describes the phenomenon known as the 'digital divide'?

<p>The disparity in access to computing technologies and internet connectivity among different socioeconomic groups, geographic regions, or demographic populations. (B)</p>
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Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are inherently objective and unbiased, as they are based on mathematical algorithms and logical reasoning, devoid of human emotions or prejudices.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe a scenario in which the implementation of automation technologies leads to widespread job displacement, and discuss potential strategies for mitigating the negative impacts on affected workers and communities.

<p>Implementation of automated manufacturing processes in a factory. Affected workers could be retrained and re-skilled.</p>
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______ refers to the design and development of computing technologies that are usable and accessible by individuals with disabilities, ensuring equal access to information and opportunities.

<p>Accessibility</p>
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Match the following intellectual property rights with their corresponding protections in the realm of computing innovations:

<p>Patents = Legal protection for novel and non-obvious inventions, granting exclusive rights to the patent holder for a specified period. Copyrights = Legal protection for original works of authorship, including software code, documentation, and multimedia content, preventing unauthorized reproduction or distribution. Trademarks = Symbols, names, or logos used to identify and distinguish goods or services in the marketplace, preventing others from using confusingly similar marks. Trade Secrets = Confidential information that provides a business with a competitive edge, protected by maintaining secrecy and implementing appropriate security measures.</p>
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What is the primary implication of Moore's Law on the trajectory of computing technology?

<p>The number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years, leading to exponential increases in computing power and decreases in cost. (B)</p>
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The ethical responsibilities of computing professionals are limited to adhering to legal requirements and contractual obligations, without any consideration for the broader social impacts of their work.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe a scenario in which computing technology is used for social good to address a global challenge, such as climate change or poverty.

<p>Using data analytics and machine learning to optimize energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions in smart grids.</p>
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The spread of ______ on social media platforms presents a significant societal challenge, as it can erode trust, polarize opinions, and incite violence.

<p>misinformation</p>
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Match the following concepts related to software development with their correct descriptions:

<p>Agile Development = An iterative approach focusing on flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback. Waterfall Model = A sequential approach with distinct stages: requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment. DevOps = A culture promoting collaboration between development and operations teams for faster and reliable releases. Continuous Integration = Automating the integration of code changes from multiple developers into a shared repository frequently.</p>
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Which of the following is the most effective strategy for mitigating risks associated with bias in AI-powered decision-making systems?

<p>Actively auditing and monitoring AI systems for bias, diversifying training datasets, and implementing fairness-aware algorithms. (B)</p>
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The primary goal of encryption is to completely eliminate the possibility of unauthorized access to sensitive data, regardless of the computational resources or expertise available to potential attackers.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe a scenario in which the use of open-source software raises ethical concerns related to intellectual property rights or licensing agreements.

<p>Using open-source code without adhering to its licensing terms.</p>
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Laws and regulations governing the use of computing technologies are primarily intended to protect individuals' ______ rights and prevent abuses of power by corporations and governments.

<p>privacy</p>
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Match the following software testing types with their typical application during the development lifecycle:

<p>Unit Testing = Individual components in isolation. Integration Testing = Interaction between different modules or services. System Testing = The end-to-end testing of the entire product. Acceptance Testing = Evaluate a product based on customer requirements.</p>
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What is the primary responsibility of a database administrator (DBA) in managing data?

<p>Ensuring the security, availability, and performance of databases. (C)</p>
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The primary goal of cybersecurity measures is to completely eliminate all potential threats and vulnerabilities, ensuring absolute immunity against cyberattacks.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe a scenario in which a software development team encounters ethical challenges related to data privacy and security during the development of a mobile app.

<p>Collecting user location data without explicit consent or transparency.</p>
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The environmental impact of computing is primarily attributed to high ______ consumption and electronic waste generated from discarded hardware.

<p>energy</p>
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Match the following design principles with their descriptions:

<p>User-centered Design = Focusing on meeting user needs. Accessibility = Designing products and services with consideration and usability by diverse populations. Usability = Ease of use and learnability of a product. Agile Development = Adaptability and collaboration.</p>
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Flashcards

Creative Development

Creating computational artifacts for creative expression or problem-solving.

Iterative Design

A development process that involves repeated cycles of design, testing, and refinement.

Collaboration

Working together to create computational artifacts, incorporating diverse perspectives and feedback.

Documentation

Creating records of the development process, including design decisions, code changes, and testing results.

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Ethical Issues in Development

Errors involving bias, accessibility, and responsible use.

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Data

Information collected and used for various purposes.

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Structured Data

Data organized in a predefined format, suitable for databases.

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Unstructured Data

Data that does not have a predefined format, such as text documents or images.

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Metadata

Information about data, such as its origin, format, or modification history.

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Data Cleaning

Removing errors, inconsistencies, and redundancies from data.

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Data Bias

Systematic distortion in data that leads to unfair or inaccurate conclusions.

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Data Visualizations

Visual representations of data that help in understanding and communicating insights.

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Simulations

Using data to model real-world phenomena and make predictions.

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Algorithm

Step-by-step instructions for solving a problem.

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Sequencing

Executing instructions in a specific order.

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Selection

Choosing different paths of execution based on conditions.

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Iteration

Repeating steps until a condition is met.

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Procedure/Function

Reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task.

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Parameters

Values that are passed into procedure, making it flexible.

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Abstraction

Simplifying complex systems by hiding unnecessary details.

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Program Documentation

Notations on code for enhancing readability and maintainability.

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Testing

Ensuring that programs meets the requested criteria.

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Debugging

Mistakes in code during execution, build or design.

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Time Complexity

How long an algorithm takes to run.

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Space Complexity

How much memory an algorithm uses.

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Heuristics

Problem-solving approaches that may not be exact, but provide practical solutions.

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Computer System

Physical and non-physical components to perform tasks.

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Hardware

The Central Processing Unit (CPU), RAM and I/O.

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Software

Operating systems, applications, and other.

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Operating System

A system that manages hardware resources and provides services to applications.

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Computer Networks

Connected devices for communication and resource sharing.

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The Internet

The global network of networks.

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World Wide Web

Collection of linked documents and resources accessed via the internet.

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Governs communication over the internet.

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IP Address

Identifies devices on the internet.

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Domain Name System (DNS)

Translates domain names into IP addresses.

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Firewalls

Protects networks from unauthorized access.

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Cybersecurity

Protecting computer systems and networks from threats.

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The Cloud

Remote servers used for storing and processing data.

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The Digital Divide

The gap between those who have access to computing tech and those who don't.

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Study Notes

  • Creative Development focuses on the process of creating computational artifacts for creative expression or problem-solving.
  • It involves iterative design, collaboration, and ethical considerations.
  • Key aspects include planning, developing, testing, and refining computational artifacts.
  • Students should understand and apply various development processes like iterative design.
  • Collaboration is essential, including giving, receiving, and incorporating feedback.
  • Documentation throughout the development process is critical.
  • Understanding the purpose and function of the program is crucial.
  • The development process involves investigation and reflection.
  • Ethical issues during development such as bias, accessibility, and responsible use should be considered.

Data

  • Data is information that is collected and used for various purposes.
  • Data can be structured (e.g., databases) or unstructured (e.g., text documents).
  • Data is used to identify and solve problems by revealing patterns, trends, and relationships.
  • Collecting data at scale enables insights and knowledge that may not be possible otherwise.
  • Data privacy and security are important considerations when collecting and using data.
  • Metadata provides information about data, such as origin, format, or modifications.
  • Cleaning data involves removing errors, inconsistencies, and redundancies that compromise data quality.
  • Bias in data can lead to unfair or inaccurate conclusions if not addressed.
  • Visualizations help in understanding and communicating data insights effectively.
  • Simulations use data to model real-world phenomena and make predictions.

Algorithms and Programming

  • Algorithms are sets of steps used to solve problems.
  • Algorithms can be expressed in natural language, pseudocode, and programming languages.
  • Sequencing, selection, and iteration are three basic building blocks of algorithms.
  • Sequencing refers to the sequential execution of steps in an algorithm.
  • Selection (e.g., if-else statements) allows for different paths of execution based on conditions.
  • Iteration (e.g., loops) enables repetition of steps until a condition is met.
  • Procedures or functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task.
  • Parameters allow procedures to accept input values, making them versatile.
  • Abstraction simplifies complex systems by hiding unnecessary details.
  • Program documentation, including comments, enhances readability and maintainability.
  • Testing is crucial for ensuring the correctness and reliability of programs.
  • Different types of errors exist during program execution (e.g., syntax errors, runtime errors, logic errors).
  • Debugging involves identifying and fixing errors in a program.
  • Efficiency of algorithms can be measured by time complexity (how long it takes) and space complexity (how much memory it uses).
  • Some problems are solvable by computers, while others are not (undecidable).
  • Heuristics are problem-solving approaches that may not always find the optimal solution, but are useful when exact solutions are too costly or impossible.

Computer Systems and Networks

  • A computer system consists of hardware and software components that work together to perform tasks.
  • Hardware includes physical components such as CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.
  • Software includes operating systems, applications, and utilities.
  • An operating system manages hardware resources and provides services to applications.
  • Computer networks connect devices for communication and resource sharing.
  • The internet is a global network of networks.
  • The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of linked documents and resources accessed via the internet.
  • The TCP/IP protocol suite governs communication over the internet.
  • IP addresses uniquely identify devices on the internet.
  • The Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names (e.g., example.com) into IP addresses.
  • Routers forward data packets between networks.
  • Firewalls protect networks from unauthorized access.
  • Cybersecurity involves protecting computer systems and networks from threats like malware and hacking.
  • Encryption is used to secure data during transmission and storage.
  • The cloud is a network of remote servers used for storing and processing data.
  • Scalability is the ability of a system to handle increasing workloads.

Impacts of Computing

  • Computing has profound impacts on society, economy, and culture.
  • Computing innovations drive advancements in various fields, including healthcare, education, and transportation.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming industries and creating new possibilities.
  • Automation, driven by computing, can increase efficiency but also lead to job displacement.
  • Digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to computing technologies and those who do not.
  • Accessibility involves designing computing technologies that are usable by people with disabilities.
  • Computing raises ethical concerns about privacy, security, and bias.
  • Intellectual property rights, such as patents and copyrights, protect computing innovations.
  • Open-source software promotes collaboration and innovation but also raises licensing issues.
  • Laws and regulations govern the use of computing technologies, such as data privacy laws.
  • The environmental impact of computing includes energy consumption and electronic waste.
  • Computing professionals have a responsibility to act ethically and consider the social impacts of their work.
  • Computing can be used for social good, such as addressing climate change, promoting education, and improving healthcare.
  • Computing fosters creativity and innovation, empowering individuals to solve problems and express themselves.
  • The spread of misinformation and the use of social media have societal impacts.

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