Cranium: Neurocranium and Viscerocranium

According to the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT), what is the cranium?

The neurocranium consists of 14 bones.

Name the two types of cranium components.

The brain box or cranial vault is also known as the ______.

Match the following bones to their respective cranial component:

Which of the following is a function of the neurocranium?

The sphenoid bone is part of the viscerocranium.

How many bones form the viscerocranium?

The junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures is known as the ______.

Match the following skull features with their descriptions:

Which of the following is the function of fontanelles in neonates?

The anterior fontanelle is usually closed by the time a child is 6 months old.

What is the clinical significance of a depressed fontanelle in an infant?

The flat bones of the calvaria are formed by ______ ossification.

Match the following terms with their correct description related to sutures in the calvaria::

Which of the following best describes the layers of the calvaria?

The bony vault of the skull is approximately 20 mm thick.

What is the function of the emissary veins found in the emissary foramina?

The point 3-4 cm superior to the midpoint of the zygomatic arch is known as the ______.

Match each cranial nerve (CN) with its corresponding name:

Which of the following cranial nerves has three major branches (Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular)?

The cranial base is divided into five fossae.

Name the three cranial fossae.

The axons of the olfactory nerves (CN I) pass through the ______ foramina.

Match the cranial fossa with the nerve/artery that passes through it:

Which cranial nerve passes through the optic canal?

The foramen spinosum transmits the internal carotid artery.

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

The ______ transmits the facial nerve (CN VII) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).

Match the foramen with the nerve branch that passes through it.

Which of the following structures passes through the Foramen Magnum?

The trochlear nerve (CN IV) passes through the Foramen Ovale.

What type of vein passes through the mastoid foramen (when present)? Where does it originate and terminate?

A blunt force trauma to to the calvaria may cause a fracture on the side opposite the impact - this is a ______ fracture.

A patient presents with profuse bleeding after a blow to a sharp ridge in the superciliary arches. Which area of the skull was most likely injured?

Which of the following structures is part of the neurocranium?

What structure houses the ear canal?

Which structures connect at the pterion?

Which structure houses the pituitary gland?

Which suture is formed by the connection of the occipital bone and the two parietal bones?

Which structures of the neurocranium does the frontal bone connect to?

Which of the following bones in the viscerocranium is unpaired?

Which structure connects to the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?

Which aspect of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone?

Which two bones form the hard palate?

Which bones contribute to the anterior cranial fossa?

Which structure is located in the posterior cranial fossa and allows the passage of CN VII and CN VIII?

Which two structures connect the cranial cavity to the infratemporal fossa?

Which structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Which structure connects the cranial cavity to the nasal cavity?

Which structures pass through the foramina of the anterior cranial fossa?

What is a common cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?

Which structures form the border of the mastoid fontanelle?

Upon fusion of the skull, which fontanelle is replaced by the lambda?

Which suture prematurely fuses in scaphocephaly?

Which type of craniosynostosis is caused by premature fusion of the lambdoid suture?

Identify the tagged structure.

Which structure travels through this opening?

What are the two parts of the cranium?

What bones form the neurocranium?

What are the components of the sphenoid bone?

What structures are part of the frontal bone?

What is the glabella?

What is the nasion?

What is the bregma?

What is the vertex of the neurocranium?

What are the components of the parietal bone?

What are the components of the Temporal bone?

The _____ is the largest, diamond shaped, future site of bregma and is fussed by 18months of age.

The _____ is triangular shaped, the future site of lambda, and is completely closed by the 1st year.

Anterolateral fontanelle is also called _____;posterolateral fontanelle is also called _____

What is the clinical significance of the fontanelles?

What bones are considered the calvaria?

What type of ossification are flat bones formed by?

What type of ossification are irregular bones formed by?

What are buttresses?

What structures are part of the anterior cranial fossa?

What passes through the foramen cecum?

What structure passes through the cribriform foramina?

What structure passes through the anterior ethmoid foramen?

What structures form the middle cranial fossa?

What structures are found within the middle cranial fossa?

What structure passes through the optic canal?

What structure passes through the superior orbital fissure?

What cranial nerve passes through the Foramen rotundum?

What structure passes through the Foramen ovale?

What structure passes through the Foramen spinosum?

What structure passes through the Foramen lacerum?

What structure passes through the groove or hiatus of lesser and greater petrosal nerve?

What structures form the Posterior Cranial Fossa?

What structure passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

What structure passes through the mastoid foramen?

What structure passes through the condylar canal?

Damage to which structure within the anterior cranial fossa would most directly result in anosmia?

A patient presents with periorbital bruising (raccoon eyes) and CSF rhinorrhea following a head trauma. Which of the following is the MOST likely location of the fracture?

In most people, the foramen cecum typically transmits what?

A newborn presents with a flattened forehead and a high, tower-like cranium. Which condition is MOST likely responsible?

An infant presents with premature closure of the sagittal suture. Which of the following cranial malformations is MOST likely observed?

Premature closure of the coronal suture on one side results in flattening of the forehead on the affected side with bossing on the opposite side. Which condition is MOST likely?

Premature closure of the lambdoid suture on one side results in frontal and occipital bossing. Which condition is MOST likely?

What two structures are connected by the crista galli and perpendicular plate?

What type of imaging is shown in the included image?

What structure is highlighted in the provided image?

Identify the name of the structure highlighted in the provided image.

Which of the following clinical findings is LEAST likely to be associated with a fracture of the anterior cranial fossa?

A patient with a suspected anterior cranial fossa fracture reports a clear fluid draining from their nose. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial step to confirm the fluid is CSF?

A newborn infant has a large anterior fontanelle that remains open longer than expected. Physical examination reveals a somewhat elongated head shape. Which cranial malformation is MOST likely responsible for this presentation?

A 9-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with a visibly flattened forehead and a high and wide cranium. The coronal sutures appear prematurely fused. Which cranial malformation is MOST likely responsible for this presentation?

Which of the following structures is visible in the provided axial neck T2-weighted image?

Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding the anatomical path of the emissary veins that may pass through the foramen cecum?

Which of the following anatomical relationships BEST explains the occurrence of periorbital bruising (raccoon eyes) in anterior cranial fossa fractures?

Which of the following imaging modalities would be MOST appropriate to initially assess a suspected anterior cranial fossa fracture in an emergency setting?

A patient involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident presents with suspected basilar skull fracture. Besides raccoon eyes and CSF rhinorrhea, what other clinical sign should raise suspicion for anterior cranial fossa involvement specifically?

An infant presents with a head shape characterized by a prominent, pointed forehead. Which of the following cranial sutures is MOST likely prematurely fused in this patient?

Identify the highlighted part of the skull as shown in this image.

Identify the structure highlighted in this image.

Which of the following structures is BEST visualized in the provided Coronal Head - Part 2 (CT) scan?

A trauma patient presents with anosmia and CSF rhinorrhea after a head injury. Which of the following is the MOST likely mechanism causing these symptoms?

A researcher is studying variations in skull morphology. Which of the following BEST describes the typical sequence of fontanelle closure in infants?

What is the main functional significance of the mastoid air cells, as depicted in the Cranial Head - Caudal Slice (CT) Part 1?

In the context of an anterior cranial fossa fracture, what pathophysiological process MOST directly leads to CSF rhinorrhea?

A clinician observes a newborn to have scaphocephaly. This condition arises due to the premature fusion of which cranial suture?

A forensic anthropologist discovers a skull with a healed fracture that resulted in anosmia. Which specific region of the skull should they examine CLOSELY for evidence of trauma?

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the mastoid process?

Which of the following structures is housed within the temporal bone?

The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with which structure?

Which part of the temporal bone contributes to the zygomatic arch?

What is the function of the articular tubercle of the temporal bone?

Which process of the sphenoid bone serves as an attachment site for muscles involved in mastication?

Which of the following best describes the location of the sella turcica?

Which structure transmits the olfactory nerves (CN I)?

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the ethmoid bone?

Which of the following best describes the function of the crista galli?

Which of the following features is found on the occipital bone?

What is the primary function of the occipital condyles?

What is the function of the external occipital crest?

Which bone does NOT contribute to the formation of the nasal septum?

With which bone does the zygomatic bone articulate to form the zygomatic arch?

In the context of the maxilla, what is the alveolar process?

Which of the following best describes the location of the mental foramen?

Which of the following passes through the mental foramen?

The mandibular condyle articulates with which part of the temporal bone?

What bony structure is formed by the horizontal plates of the palatine bones and palatine processes of the maxillae?

Through which foramen does the mandibular nerve (CN V3) exit the skull?

If a patient presents with loss of sensation in the cheek, upper lip, and side of the nose following a fracture, which foramen is MOST likely involved?

A lesion in the jugular foramen would MOST likely affect which combination of cranial nerves?

What structure passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A patient presents with vertigo and hearing loss following a skull fracture. Which foramen is MOST likely affected?

Which structure is LEAST likely to be found within the anterior cranial fossa?

Which artery travels through the foramen spinosum?

A neurosurgeon is planning a transsphenoidal surgery to remove a pituitary adenoma. Which of the following bony structures will the surgeon MOST likely need to access or manipulate? (Assuming a nasal approach)

An extremely virulent infection spreads along the greater petrosal nerve. Assuming the infection makes its way into the meninges, which foramen did it MOST likely enter?