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Cranial Nerves: Lower Four
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Cranial Nerves: Lower Four

Created by
@TrustingProtactinium

Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerves are mixed nerves?

  • Vestibulocochlear, vagus, and accessory
  • Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent
  • Trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal (correct)
  • Trochlear, trigeminal, and hypoglossal

    • Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting parasympathetic fibers?

  • Facial nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Oculomotor nerve (correct)
  • Hypoglossal nerve

    • Which of the following structures does the vagus nerve pass between?

  • Superior and middle constrictor muscles of the pharynx
  • Internal and external carotid arteries (correct)
  • Hyoglossus and stylopharyngeus muscles
  • Mandible and maxilla bones

    • Which branch of the vagus nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland?

    <p>Tympanic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain stem is the attachment site for cranial nerves 3 and 4?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the skull through?

    <p>Jugular foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the carotid branch of the vagus nerve?

    <p>Stimulates the carotid sinus and carotid body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the vagus nerve forms the sensory part of the pharyngeal plexus?

    <p>Pharyngeal branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the movement of the tongue?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are attached to the pons?

    <p>Cranial nerves 5, 6, 7, and 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the vagus nerve?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain stem is the attachment site for cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, and 12?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which foramen does the vagus nerve leave the skull?

    <p>Jugular foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the vagus nerve supplies the palatine tonsil?

    <p>Tonsillar branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the ear?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the vagus nerve conveys general sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches of the vagus nerve is responsible for supplying the laryngeal cavity above the vocal cord?

    <p>Internal laryngeal branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the external laryngeal branch?

    <p>Motor innervation of the cricothyroid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the spinal root of the accessory nerve?

    <p>Upper five cervical spinal segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which foramen does the accessory nerve leave the skull?

    <p>Jugular foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cranial root of the accessory nerve?

    <p>Joins the vagus and is distributed through its pharyngeal and laryngeal branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the cranial root of the accessory nerve?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve?

    <p>To supply the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the hypoglossal nerve?

    <p>It is a motor cranial nerve attached to the medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cranial accessory nerve?

    <p>To supply the muscles of the pharynx and palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course of the hypoglossal nerve?

    <p>It leaves the skull through the anterior condylar canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of injury to the cervical sympathetic chain?

    <p>It causes Horner's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT supplied by the hypoglossal nerve?

    <p>Palatoglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of the cranial accessory nerve?

    <p>It is distributed through the pharyngeal and laryngeal branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagus nerve?

    <p>To supply the muscles of the pharynx and palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cranial Nerves

    • Cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers (3, 7, 9, & 10)
    • The lower four cranial nerves are:
      • Glossopharyngeal (9)
      • Vagus (10)
      • Accessory (11)
      • Hypoglossal (12)

    Attachment of Cranial Nerves to Brain Stem

    • Oculomotor (3) attaches to the midbrain
    • Trochlear (4) attaches to the midbrain
    • Trigeminal (5), Abducent (6), and Facial (7) attach to the pons
    • Vestibulocochlear (8), Glossopharyngeal (9), Vagus (10), Accessory (11), and Hypoglossal (12) attach to the medulla oblongata

    Glossopharyngeal Nerve (9)

    • Origin: Mixed cranial nerve attached to medulla oblongata
    • Course: Leaves the skull through jugular foramen
    • Branches:
      • Tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson)
      • Carotid branch
      • Pharyngeal branches
      • Muscular branch
      • Tonsillar branches
      • Lingual branches (convey taste and general sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue)

    Vagus Nerve (10)

    • Origin: Mixed cranial nerve attached to medulla oblongata
    • Course: Leaves the skull through jugular foramen
    • Branches:
      • Auricular branch
      • Meningeal branch
      • Pharyngeal branch
      • Superior laryngeal nerve
      • Branch to carotid body
      • Cardiac branches
      • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

    Accessory Nerve (11)

    • Origin: Purely motor cranial nerve attached to medulla oblongata
    • Course: Leaves the skull through jugular foramen
    • Two roots: Cranial root and Spinal root
    • Cranial root:
      • Joins the vagus and is distributed through its pharyngeal and laryngeal branches
    • Spinal root:
      • Supplies both sternomastoid and trapezius muscles

    Hypoglossal Nerve (12)

    • Origin: Motor cranial nerve attached to medulla oblongata
    • Course: Leaves the skull through the anterior condylar canal (Hypoglossal Canal)
    • Distribution: Motor nerve of all muscles of the tongue EXCEPT the palatoglossus muscle, which is supplied by the vagus nerve

    Injury of Cervical Sympathetic Chain

    • Causes Horner's Syndrome
    • Characteristics:
      • Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid)
      • Miosis (constriction of the pupil)
      • Anhydrosis (no sweating)
      • Flushing (redness of the skin)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the lower four cranial nerves, including their functions and types. It's a great resource for anatomy and embryology students.

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