Cranial Nerves and Neurological Functions Quiz

Weakness in one limb.

Weakness in both pelvic limbs.

Weakness in all four limbs.

Weakness in limbs on the same side of the body.

Complete paralysis or loss of movement in one limb.

Complete paralysis of both pelvic limbs.

Complete paralysis of all four limbs.

Complete paralysis of limbs on the same side of the body.

A neurological condition affecting the spinal cord between the C6 and T2 vertebrae, causing gait abnormalities and possible limb weakness.

A wobbly, uneven gait characterized by short, choppy steps, suggesting a problem with the nervous system or musculoskeletal system.

An exaggerated, long-strided gait with an overreaching motion, often seen in the front limbs, indicating an upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion.

An abnormal gait caused by a problem with the cerebellum, leading to exaggerated movements and difficulty coordinating movements.

A neurological condition involving a lesion in the upper motor neuron pathway, affecting limb movement and coordination.

The examination of the cranial nerves, which control sensory and motor functions of the head and face.

A collection of nerves that control eye movement, including muscles responsible for looking up, down, left, and right.

The physical examination of a patient, including observation of gait, mental status, and neurological functions.

The menace response is a neurological test used to assess cranial nerves II (optic) and VII (facial).

Cranial nerves, also known as CNs, are 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brain and control sensory and motor functions in the head and neck.

The vagus nerve (CN X) is the longest cranial nerve, responsible for parasympathetic innervation of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, heart, and other functions, including deglutition, respiration, and vocalization.

The accessory nerve (CN XI) is involved in motor function of muscles in the neck and shoulder, including the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid.

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is responsible for motor function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

The upper motor neuron (UMN) is a nerve cell whose axon travels from the brain to the spinal cord or cranial nerves. UMNs control voluntary movements.

The neurologic examination is a systematic assessment of the nervous system, including the cranial nerves, reflexes, and motor function.

Testing cranial nerves involves evaluating their function by observing specific reflexes, responses, and movements associated with each nerve.

A neurological test that assesses the response of the pupils to light, evaluating the function of cranial nerves II (optic) and III (oculomotor).

A neurological exam that visually inspects the optic disc and retina for abnormalities, providing insight into the health of the central nervous system and the eye.

A neurological exam that evaluates the blink reflex by tapping the medial and lateral canthus of the eye, testing the function of cranial nerves V (trigeminal) and VII (facial), responsible for sensory and motor responses.

A neurological exam that assesses the animal's ability to detect stimuli on the inner surface of the pinnae (ears) by touching it, evaluating the function of cranial nerve VII (facial).

A neurological exam that assesses the animal's ability to move the ear muscles, evaluating the function of cranial nerve VII (facial).

The part of the central nervous system that can be directly visualized during a fundic examination.

A technique used to evaluate corneal sensation in animals. It involves gently touching the cornea with a sterile cotton swab. The animal should demonstrate eyelid closure and eyeball retraction.

A neurological test that assesses the extraocular muscles. It involves turning the animal's head from side to side and up and down. This should induce a normal nystagmus with a fast phase in the direction of head movement.

A reflex test that evaluates the function of cranial nerves IX and X. It's performed by gently touching the oropharynx or laryngopharynx. The animal should swallow.

Testing the function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) by applying a small blunt object to the nasal mucosa. The animal should pull its head away.

A specific aspect of the cranial nerve examination that involves assessing the degree of jaw tone by opening the patient's mouth, and checking the tongue for deviation, atrophy, or fasciculation.

An involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes, often associated with vestibular dysfunction.

Nystagmus occurring at rest, without any external stimulus or movement.

Nystagmus that changes direction or intensity based on the patient's head position, suggesting central vestibular dysfunction.

Inflammation of the masticatory muscles, often causing difficulty opening the jaw.