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Questions and Answers
What can rupture the middle meningeal artery leading to an epidural hematoma?
What can rupture the middle meningeal artery leading to an epidural hematoma?
- Fracture of the temporal bone
- Fracture of the pterion (correct)
- Fracture of the zygomatic arch
- Fracture of the occipital bone
The mastoid process is part of the temporal bone.
The mastoid process is part of the temporal bone.
True (A)
What type of brain hemorrhage is associated with a rupture of the middle meningeal artery?
What type of brain hemorrhage is associated with a rupture of the middle meningeal artery?
Epidural hematoma
The sphenoid bone is often referred to as the ______ bone.
The sphenoid bone is often referred to as the ______ bone.
Match the following foramina with their associated structures:
Match the following foramina with their associated structures:
Which structure is located beneath the pterion and can be damaged in skull fractures?
Which structure is located beneath the pterion and can be damaged in skull fractures?
The greater palatine foramen transmits the greater palatine nerve.
The greater palatine foramen transmits the greater palatine nerve.
The external auditory meatus is part of the ______ part of the temporal bone.
The external auditory meatus is part of the ______ part of the temporal bone.
Which cranial nerve is associated with the optic canal?
Which cranial nerve is associated with the optic canal?
The Foramen Lacerum allows passage for the internal carotid artery.
The Foramen Lacerum allows passage for the internal carotid artery.
What cranial nerves pass through the Superior Orbital Fissure?
What cranial nerves pass through the Superior Orbital Fissure?
The __________ nerve is a mixture of greater petrosal nerve and sympathetic fibers from the carotid artery.
The __________ nerve is a mixture of greater petrosal nerve and sympathetic fibers from the carotid artery.
Match the following foramina with the cranial nerves that pass through them:
Match the following foramina with the cranial nerves that pass through them:
What is the main purpose of the neurocranium?
What is the main purpose of the neurocranium?
Craniosynostosis can affect brain development significantly.
Craniosynostosis can affect brain development significantly.
What happens during endochondral ossification in skull development?
What happens during endochondral ossification in skull development?
The closure of the ___________ suture leads to oxycephaly or cone head.
The closure of the ___________ suture leads to oxycephaly or cone head.
Match the cranial sutures with the associated conditions:
Match the cranial sutures with the associated conditions:
Which of the following describes scaphocephaly?
Which of the following describes scaphocephaly?
What is the function of the mandibular foramen?
What is the function of the mandibular foramen?
Fontanelles are rigid points where skull bones meet.
Fontanelles are rigid points where skull bones meet.
Which part of the skull encases the brain?
Which part of the skull encases the brain?
The cranium is made up of 28 bones that are connected by fibrous interlocking joints called sutures.
The cranium is made up of 28 bones that are connected by fibrous interlocking joints called sutures.
What is the area of weakness in the skull known as?
What is the area of weakness in the skull known as?
The _____ portion of the neurocranium undergoes intramembranous ossification.
The _____ portion of the neurocranium undergoes intramembranous ossification.
Match the following bones to their classification:
Match the following bones to their classification:
Which suture is located between the frontal bone and the parietal bones?
Which suture is located between the frontal bone and the parietal bones?
The cranial base of the neurocranium is formed primarily through intramembranous ossification.
The cranial base of the neurocranium is formed primarily through intramembranous ossification.
How many paired bones are there in the skull?
How many paired bones are there in the skull?
The ________ bone is an unpaired bone located at the base of the nasal cavity.
The ________ bone is an unpaired bone located at the base of the nasal cavity.
Which suture is found at the junction of the occipital and parietal bones?
Which suture is found at the junction of the occipital and parietal bones?
Sutures of the skull are synovial joints.
Sutures of the skull are synovial joints.
What is the significance of the Pterion in relation to potential skull fractures?
What is the significance of the Pterion in relation to potential skull fractures?
The major types of skull fractures include Le ________.
The major types of skull fractures include Le ________.
What type of ossification occurs in the calvaria?
What type of ossification occurs in the calvaria?
Which sinus is located inferior to the orbits and inside the maxillary bone?
Which sinus is located inferior to the orbits and inside the maxillary bone?
The temporal bone articulates with the mandible at the mandibular fossa.
The temporal bone articulates with the mandible at the mandibular fossa.
What is the primary function of arachnoid granulations?
What is the primary function of arachnoid granulations?
The __________ sinus is located posterior to the ethmoid sinus.
The __________ sinus is located posterior to the ethmoid sinus.
Match the cranial cavity features with their descriptions:
Match the cranial cavity features with their descriptions:
Which structure is referred to as the top part of the skull?
Which structure is referred to as the top part of the skull?
The coronal suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones.
The coronal suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones.
Where does the greater petrosal nerve emerge from?
Where does the greater petrosal nerve emerge from?
The __________ is a structure in the anterior cranial fossa that supports the olfactory bulbs.
The __________ is a structure in the anterior cranial fossa that supports the olfactory bulbs.
What is the main purpose of the falx cerebri?
What is the main purpose of the falx cerebri?
Which cranial fossa is located at the front of the brain case?
Which cranial fossa is located at the front of the brain case?
The inferior nasal concha is fused with the maxilla.
The inferior nasal concha is fused with the maxilla.
What is the primary function of the skull?
What is the primary function of the skull?
The ____ foramina are located below the orbit.
The ____ foramina are located below the orbit.
Match the following features of the skull with their descriptions:
Match the following features of the skull with their descriptions:
Which of the following structures is located in the sphenoid bone and houses the pituitary gland?
Which of the following structures is located in the sphenoid bone and houses the pituitary gland?
The sella turcica resembles the shape of a Turkish saddle.
The sella turcica resembles the shape of a Turkish saddle.
What major fossa is formed by the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?
What major fossa is formed by the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?
The __________ part of the temporal bone is located between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone.
The __________ part of the temporal bone is located between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone.
Match the following features of the sphenoid bone with their descriptions:
Match the following features of the sphenoid bone with their descriptions:
What type of joint allows free movement?
What type of joint allows free movement?
Gomphosis is a type of joint where two bones are connected by cartilage.
Gomphosis is a type of joint where two bones are connected by cartilage.
Name one example of a synchondrosis joint found in the skull.
Name one example of a synchondrosis joint found in the skull.
The type of joint where there is no motion allowed is called a ________ joint.
The type of joint where there is no motion allowed is called a ________ joint.
Which of the following is NOT a type of synarthrosis joint?
Which of the following is NOT a type of synarthrosis joint?
Match the types of synarthrosis joints with their descriptions:
Match the types of synarthrosis joints with their descriptions:
Amphiarthrosis joints allow for free movement.
Amphiarthrosis joints allow for free movement.
What is the function of synostosis in the skull?
What is the function of synostosis in the skull?
Which bone is unpaired and located at the front of the skull?
Which bone is unpaired and located at the front of the skull?
The maxillary bone is an unpaired bone that holds the upper teeth.
The maxillary bone is an unpaired bone that holds the upper teeth.
Which of the following foramina is located below the orbit?
Which of the following foramina is located below the orbit?
What is the primary function of the brain case?
What is the primary function of the brain case?
The mental foramina is located above the chin region of the mandible.
The mental foramina is located above the chin region of the mandible.
The ________ bone is shaped like the state of Texas and is located in the cheekbone area.
The ________ bone is shaped like the state of Texas and is located in the cheekbone area.
Match the following bones of the skull with their characteristics:
Match the following bones of the skull with their characteristics:
What is the main nerve associated with the branches that include the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves?
What is the main nerve associated with the branches that include the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves?
The external occipital protuberance is also known as the __________.
The external occipital protuberance is also known as the __________.
Which of the following bones is located in the nasal cavity?
Which of the following bones is located in the nasal cavity?
The temporal bone is an unpaired bone.
The temporal bone is an unpaired bone.
Match the following structures with their corresponding features:
Match the following structures with their corresponding features:
How many total bones are in the human skull?
How many total bones are in the human skull?
Which bone fuses from two separate bones in juveniles?
Which bone fuses from two separate bones in juveniles?
The process of bone remodeling involves only bone deposition, not resorption.
The process of bone remodeling involves only bone deposition, not resorption.
What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?
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Study Notes
Skull Anatomy and Function
- The skull is comprised of 22 bones, including paired and unpaired bones.
- The skull is functionally divided into the facial skeleton and the brain case (neurocranium).
- The facial skeleton includes large flat bones and landmarks, involved in respiration and chewing.
- The brain case protects the brain.
Facial Bones and Landmarks
- Independent Bones: The inferior nasal concha is a separate bone.
- Supraorbital and Infraorbital Features: The supraorbital notch/foramen is above the orbit, while the infraorbital foramina are located below.
- Mental Foramina: Located near the chin of the mandible.
Bones of the Skull
- Frontal Bone: Unpaired, found at the front of the skull.
- Sphenoid Bone: Unpaired, butterfly-shaped with two sets of wings.
- Zygomatic Bone: Paired, cheekbone area.
- Maxillary Bone: Paired, holds upper teeth.
- Lacrimal Bone: Small, contains the nasolacrimal duct.
- Nasal Bone: Paired, where eyeglasses would sit.
- Mandible: Unpaired, lower jaw.
- Parietal Bone: Paired, covers the top of the skull.
- Temporal Bone: Paired, located on the sides of the skull.
- Vomer: Unpaired, medial wall of the nasal cavity.
- Ethmoid Bone: Paired, superior half of the medial nasal septum.
- Nasal Conchae: Paired, bony curtains within the nasal cavities.
Joints of the Skull
- Sutures: Common type of joint in the skull, where bones connect by a fibrous joint.
- Gomphosis: A tooth inserted into a socket in the bone.
- Synchondrosis: Two bones connected by cartilage.
- Synostosis: Two bones connected by a bony bridge.
Nerves and Blood Vessels
- Trigeminal nerve: Branches into smaller nerves, including the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves.
Frontal Bone
- Metopic Suture: The suture region where the two halves of the frontal bone fuse in juveniles.
Posterior Skull
- Parietal Bones: Large, dome-like bones.
- Occipital Bone: Unpaired, located at the back of the skull.
Landmarks of the Posterior Skull
- External Occipital Protuberance: Bony projection at the back of the skull.
- Inion: Another name for the external occipital protuberance.
- Lambda: Point where parietal bones meet the occipital bone.
Bone Remodeling and Variation
- Bone remodeling: Continuous process of bone deposition and resorption throughout life.
Joints of the Skull
- Synarthrosis: No movement allowed.
- Amphiarthrosis: Limited motion allowed.
- Diarthrosis: Free movement allowed.
Types of Synarthrosis
- Suture: Fibrous joint with a wavy line where the bones meet.
- Gomphosis: Tooth socket joint.
- Synchondrosis: Cartilaginous joint.
- Synostosis: Bony fusion of two initially separate ossification centers.
Examples of Synarthrosis Joints
- Coronal Suture: Where the frontal and parietal bones meet.
- Lambdoidal Suture: Where the parietal and occipital bones meet.
- Sphenoidal Fontanelle: Where the sphenoid and parietal bones meet.
Amphiarthrosis Joints
- Limited motion allowed.
Sphenoid Bone
- Foramen Rotundum: Circular opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
- Foramen Ovale: Oval-shaped opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
- Sella Turcica: Saddle-shaped structure housing the pituitary gland.
- Hypophyseal Fossa: Depression in the sella turcica containing the pituitary gland.
Cavernous Sinus
- A venous sinus located in the sphenoid bone.
- Contains important nerves and blood vessels.
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