CRAB Infection Treatment Regimens
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum daily dosage of Sulbactam required for effective treatment of CRAB infections in critically ill patients?

  • 10 grams
  • 8 grams
  • 6 grams (correct)
  • 4 grams

What percentage of patients who received Colistin monotherapy showed clinical improvement by day 5 in a clinical study?

  • 10%
  • 40%
  • 30%
  • 16% (correct)

What is a limitation of the clinical study involving 39 patients with CRAB pneumonia?

  • Small sample size
  • Lack of Sulbactam usage
  • Open-label design
  • All of the above (correct)

What was the total daily dosage of Sulbactam used in a comparative study involving 47 patients with CRAB pneumonia?

<p>6 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of two additional clinical studies on the use of Ampicillin/Sulbactam for CRAB infections?

<p>No difference in clinical outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using Sulbactam-based treatment plans compared to Polymyxin-based treatment plans?

<p>Less frequent nephrotoxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily dosage of Sulbactam for CRAB infections?

<p>6-9 grams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Durlobactam in the treatment of CRAB infections?

<p>It provides protection and enhances the likelihood of Sulbactam reaching its PBP targets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the RCT comparing Ampicillin/Sulbactam to Colistin in treating ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by CRAB?

<p>Both treatment options yielded comparable outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the retrospective cohort study comparing low-dose Colistin to Ampicillin/Sulbactam in treating CRAB VAP?

<p>There was no significant difference in clinical failure between the two treatment groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the small randomized controlled trial comparing Ampicillin/Sulbactam to Colistin in treating CRAB VAP?

<p>Ampicillin/Sulbactam showed significant improvement in 14-day and 28-day mortality rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the comparison between Sulbactam/Durlobactam and Ampicillin/Sulbactam in terms of nephrotoxicity?

<p>Both treatment groups have comparable incidence of nephrotoxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of β-Lactamase inhibitors in the treatment of CRAB infections?

<p>They inhibit CRAB-generated class A, C, and D enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the retrospective cohort study comparing Tigecycline to Sulbactam for treating hospital-acquired infections caused by CRAB bacteria?

<p>There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality rates between the two groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment approach for CRAB infections according to the guideline?

<p>Using Ampicillin/Sulbactam in high doses as the primary component in combination therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of Sulbactam/Durlobactam in terms of FDA approval?

<p>It has completed phase 3 clinical testing but is not yet approved by the FDA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant advantage of Sulbactam-based treatment in a Taiwanese multicenter study?

<p>Lower incidence of death in the ICU (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general association between Tigecycline and hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bloodstream infections?

<p>Higher mortality risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Diazabicyclooctanones (DBOs) that makes them difficult to synthesize?

<p>Requires a minimum of 12 synthetic steps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of Avibactam's inhibitory mechanism?

<p>It has a broad spectrum of action against Class A, Class C, and some Class D enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential of combinations of BL-ABs/2nd generation BLIs?

<p>Extremely successful against a wide range of multidrug-resistant bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed in various studies regarding the novel combination Ceftazidime/Avibactam?

<p>Emerging resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed therapeutic option for severe infections caused by MDR-GNB producing Class B Metallo-β-Lactamase?

<p>Aztreonam/Avibactam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Aztreonam?

<p>Resistant to MBLs hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients infected by E.cloacae and P. aeruginosa showed resistance to the Ceftazidime/Avibactam combination?

<p>8% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using structure-based drug design and computational and medicinal chemistry in the development of DBO derivatives?

<p>Simplifies the synthesis process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the resistance of P.aeruginosa to Ceftazidime/Avibactam?

<p>Impaired membrane permeability and drug efflux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a single amino acid substitution in the loop of KPC on Avibactam's inhibition capacity?

<p>Decreases Avibactam's inhibition capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the D179Y substitution on the MICs of Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, and Meropenem?

<p>Decreases the MICs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of BL-AB to 2nd generation BLI required for Relebactam to be effective?

<p>22:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of inhibition of Zidebactam?

<p>Binding to PBP2 in Enterobacteriaceae and P.aeruginosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mutations that render Avibactam ineffective on the susceptibility of certain 1st generation BLIs?

<p>Increases susceptibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Nacubactam that differentiates it from Avibactam and Relebactam?

<p>Showing activity against XDR-E isolates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of antibiotics being developed to combat Pan-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species?

<p>Cefepime/Zidebactam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia to Ceftazidime/Avibactam?

<p>A single amino acid substitution in the loop of KPC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Avibactam that is not shared with Relebactam?

<p>Having a small intrinsic antibacterial activity against E.coli and H.influenzae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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