Process part 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the objective of multiprogramming?

  • To maximize I/O burst
  • To maximize CPU utilization (correct)
  • To minimize I/O burst
  • To minimize CPU utilization
  • What is the cycle of process execution in terms of CPU and I/O?

  • Alternating CPU and I/O bursts
  • CPU burst followed by I/O burst (correct)
  • Simultaneous CPU and I/O bursts
  • I/O burst followed by CPU burst
  • When does the CPU scheduler make scheduling decisions?

  • Switches from running to waiting
  • Switches from waiting to ready
  • Switches from running to ready
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What is the primary goal of CPU utilization in scheduling algorithms?

    <p>To keep the CPU as busy as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pthread_attr_setscope function do?

    <p>Set the scheduling scope of the thread attributes object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In asymmetric multiprocessing, what role do the other processors play?

    <p>Execute only user code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of processor affinity?

    <p>Keep a process running on the same processor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is used to set the CPU affinity of a process specified by pid?

    <p>sched_setaffinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CPU_SET() macro do?

    <p>Adds the CPU cpu to the set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multi-processor scheduling, what is SMP an abbreviation for?

    <p>Symmetric multiprocessing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CPU ISSET()?

    <p>Returns true if the CPU cpu is a member of set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes turnaround time from waiting time and response time in process scheduling?

    <p>Waiting time is the total time a process is queued for execution, distinct from turnaround time which includes execution and response time which is time to first action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FCFS scheduling prioritize?

    <p>Process with the earliest arrival time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is SJF scheduling based on?

    <p>The length of the next CPU burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is significant about Preemptive SJF scheduling?

    <p>It executes the process with the shortest remaining CPU time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Priority scheduling use to determine which process to execute?

    <p>The priority number assigned to each process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Round-Robin scheduling allocate to each process?

    <p>A small amount of CPU time in a cyclic order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nice value' impacts which aspect of a process?

    <p>The priority of the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Completely Fair Scheduler' (CFS) in Linux handles resource sharing based on what principle?

    <p>'Max-min fairness' allocation principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'getpriority()' and 'setpriority()' system calls are used for modifying what aspect of a process?

    <p>'Nice value'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS' in Pthread scheduling refers to what type of contention scope?

    <p>Process-contention contention scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM' in Pthread scheduling determine about contention scope?

    <p>System-contention contention scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Turnaround time is the amount of time it takes to complete a process, waiting time is the time a process has been waiting in the ready queue, and response time is the time from request submission to first response.
    • There are 6/45 scheduling algorithms for managing the execution of processes.
    • FCFS scheduling (First-Come, First-Served) is a non-preemptive algorithm where the process with the earliest arrival time is executed first.
    • In FCFS, the waiting time for each process is the difference between the total waiting time and the waiting time of the previous process.
    • SJF scheduling (Shortest-Job-First) is an algorithm that schedules processes based on the length of their next CPU burst.
    • SJF is optimal for minimizing average waiting time but requires knowing the length of the next CPU burst.
    • Preemptive SJF is an extension of SJF where the process with the shortest remaining CPU time is executed.
    • Priority scheduling assigns a priority number to each process, with the highest priority process being the one with the smallest number.
    • Round-Robin scheduling allocates a small amount of CPU time to each process in a cyclic order.
    • The time quantum in Round-Robin scheduling determines the size of each time chunk, with larger time quantum resulting in less overhead.
    • Linux's Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) allocates the CPU time based on max-min fairness, handling resource sharing among multiple users.
    • The nice value is a process property that can be adjusted to impact the priority of the process, with lower values resulting in higher priorities.
    • The getpriority() and setpriority() system calls allow changing a process's nice value, and nice() is a function to increment the nice value.
    • Thread scheduling distinguishes between user-level and kernel-level threads, with scheduling competition being within the process for user-level threads and among all threads for kernel-level threads.
    • In Pthread scheduling, the contention scope can be set to either process or system during thread creation.
    • PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS schedules threads using process-contention scheduling, and PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM schedules threads using system-contention scheduling.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of CPU scheduling with this quiz covering basic concepts and principles. Learn about the importance of multiprogramming and maximizing CPU utilization.

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