CPR Lab 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct first step in Basic Life Support (BLS) protocols for a nonresponsive animal?

Administering drugs

Assessing heart rhythm

Intubation

Initiating chest compressions (correct)

What is the correct ventilation rate when only one person is available to perform CPR?

2 ventilations every 15 seconds

1 ventilation every 6 seconds (correct)

1 ventilation every 10 seconds

2 ventilations every 20 seconds

Which of the following is NOT a sign of cardiac arrest?

Responsive dilated pupils (correct)

Weak, barely palpable pulses

Agonal gasping

Cyanotic, gray or pale mucous membranes

What is the role of abdominal compressions during CPR?

To augment blood flow to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known to cause apnea as a side effect?

Propofol Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a successful chest compression during CPR?

Compression of 25-30% of the chest Signup and view all the answers

Which condition follows after cardiac arrest in the absence of intervention?

Respiratory arrest Signup and view all the answers

Which vital sign is NOT usually checked when assessing a patient who is not breathing?

Lung compliance Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Advanced Life Support (ALS) from Basic Life Support (BLS)?

Use of drugs and defibrillation Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition should you immediately call a veterinarian during a patient assessment?

Detection of heart murmurs Signup and view all the answers

What are the ABC's of CPR?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Advanced Life Support (ALS) from Basic Life Support (BLS)?

ALS involves drug administration and monitoring, while BLS does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended rate of chest compressions during CPR?

100-120 compressions per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of OSHA?

To reduce workplace injuries and illnesses Signup and view all the answers

When should a patient be extubated after surgery?

When the swallowing reflex returns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about mucus membranes in a dog in shock?

They appear pale Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal respiratory rate for a dog?

16-32 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

Which observation is crucial alongside respiratory rate measurement?

Respiratory effort Signup and view all the answers

How should you properly restrain a fidgety small dog for a blood draw from the jugular vein?

Restrain at the end of an examination table Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse rate for a smaller dog?

140-200 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

During CPR on a dog, where should chest compressions be applied?

Over the heart area Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration to perform chest compressions before checking for responsiveness during canine CPR?

2 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common indication of cardiac arrest in dogs?

Unconsciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known for its use during anesthesia to reduce salivation?

Atropine Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect a dog’s recovery time from anesthesia?

Body temperature and renal function Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does not differentiate between Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS)?

Administration of chest compressions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications reverses opioid sedation in dogs?

Naloxone Signup and view all the answers

How should a non-veterinary person deliver breaths during CPR for a dog?

Blow into the nostrils while holding the mouth closed Signup and view all the answers

What is a core vaccine for cats?

Calicivirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of Basic Life Support (BLS) during a cardiac event?

Maintain blood circulation and oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CPR

Old vs New Guidelines: CPR is a vital life-saving technique, and guidelines are continually updated to improve effectiveness.
Clinical Signs: Key signs of cardiac arrest include agonal gasping, cyanotic or pale mucous membranes, nonresponsive dilated pupils, weak pulses, and darkened bleeding.
Treatment: BLS (Basic Life Support) focuses on recognition of cardiac arrest, manual compressions, and ventilation (CAB).
BLS steps:
- Circulation: External compressions directly over the heart at 120 beats per minute for 2 minutes, compressing the chest 25-30%.
- Airway: Check for obstruction and ensure proper placement of the endotracheal tube.
- Breathing: 1 ventilation every 6 seconds (10 per minute). Ratio: 1 ventilation/ 3-5 chest compressions (2 people) or 1 ventilation/ 15 compressions (1 person).
ALS (Advanced Life Support): ALS is initiated after BLS and involves monitoring, drugs, fluid therapy, and defibrillation.
Patient Assessment: A physical examination is crucial to assess respiratory and cardiac sounds: wheezes, crackles, stridor, murmurs, and abnormal rhythms.

Cardiac & Respiratory Arrest

Definition:
- Respiratory Arrest: Complete and permanent cessation of breathing.
- Cardiac Arrest: Heart stops pumping effectively, leading to cessation of blood circulation and oxygen delivery.
Sequence: Either arrest can occur first, but they are often interconnected.
Other Vitals to Check: For non-breathing patients, assess heart rate, capillary refill time, pulse strength, and pupil size to determine stability.
Inducing Drugs: Anesthetics like propofol and alfaxalone can cause apnea (temporary absence of breathing).
Cardiac Arrest Signs: Cyanosis, dyspnea, respiratory arrest, prolonged capillary refill time, often accompanied by arrhythmia.

CPR Acronyms

CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
ALS: Advanced Life Support.
ABCs of CPR: Airway, Breathing, Circulation.

BLS vs. ALS

BLS: Recognition of cardiopulmonary arrest, manual compressions, and ventilation.
ALS: Monitoring, drugs, fluids, and defibrillation.
Key difference: Advanced life support includes ECG monitoring, end-tidal CO2 monitoring, vascular access, and administration of reversal agents, while BLS does not.

CPR Frequencies

Chest Compressions: 100-120 per minute.
Breaths: 10 per minute.

OSHA

Purpose: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) aims to protect employees from workplace hazards, reducing illness and injury risks.

Shock Signs

Mucous Membranes: Pale mucous membranes are a sign of shock in dogs.

ECG Wave Labeling

ECG Wave: P, Q, T, R, S, ST segment.

Jugular Blood Collection

Fidgety Dog: Proper restraint is vital, use a table in sternal or lateral recumbency. If restraint is impossible, consider the lateral saphenous vein.

Post-Surgery Extubation

Timing: Extubate when the swallowing reflex returns, accompanied by signs of arousal or voluntary limb, head, or chewing movements.

TPRs for Dogs and Cats

Dogs:
- Temperature: 100.0-102.2°F
- Pulse: 60-160 beats/min (smaller dogs up to 200/min)
- Respiratory Rate: 16-32 breaths/min
Cats:
- Temperature: 100.0-102.2°F
- Pulse: 140-220 beats/min
- Respiratory Rate: 20-42 breaths/min

Observing Respiratory Rate

Respiratory Effort: Along with respiratory rate, observe respiratory effort for a comprehensive understanding of respiratory function.

CPR Demonstration

CPR Phone Instructions:
- Position the pet on its side with legs facing away (brachycephalic breeds on back).
- Start chest compressions immediately for 2 minutes, using two hands, at the "staying alive" rhythm.
- Locate the heart area: Bring elbow back for correct position.
- Keep elbows locked.
- For a single person, deliver 2 quick breaths after 30 compressions, holding the mouth closed and blowing through the nostrils until chest expansion.

Surgical Medications

Available Medications: Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, Flumazenil, Naloxone, Dopamine CRI, Dobutamine CRI.

Recovery Factors

Factors Influencing Recovery: Renal and hepatic function, body temperature, blood glucose, breed, disorders like shock or hemorrhage, anesthetic depth and duration, and certain drugs (like IM ketamine).

Core Vaccines

Dogs: Rabies, Distemper, Hepatitis (Adenovirus 2), Canine Parvovirus.
Cats: Rabies, Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (herpes virus), Calicivirus, Panleukopenia.

Dental Procedures Reading

Author: Jeanne R. Perrone
Chapters:
- Chapter 1: The Basics by Gerianne Holzman: Anatomy of the Skull, Odontogenesis, Anatomy of the Tooth, Directional Terminology.
- Chapter 2: The Examination Room and the Dental Patient by Mary Berg: Introduction, Client Interview, Oral Examination (Conscious Patient), Dental Estimate (Treatment Plan).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the latest CPR guidelines, including the distinctions between Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS). This quiz covers clinical signs of cardiac arrest, BLS steps, and vital treatment protocols essential for effective life-saving techniques.