Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which victim requires CPR?
Which victim requires CPR?
A victim who is unresponsive with no normal breathing and no pulse.
When is it important to move an adult victim who needs CPR?
When is it important to move an adult victim who needs CPR?
When the adult victim is in a dangerous environment.
High quality CPR includes starting chest compressions within how many seconds after recognition of cardiac arrest in victims of all ages?
High quality CPR includes starting chest compressions within how many seconds after recognition of cardiac arrest in victims of all ages?
10 seconds.
Interruptions of chest compressions should be limited to how many seconds?
Interruptions of chest compressions should be limited to how many seconds?
How can you tell when a rescue breath for an infant victim is effective?
How can you tell when a rescue breath for an infant victim is effective?
What is the best method of opening the airway of an unresponsive victim when you do not suspect cervical spine injury?
What is the best method of opening the airway of an unresponsive victim when you do not suspect cervical spine injury?
What technique is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR?
What technique is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR?
What is likely to cause air to enter the victim's stomach (gastric inflation) during bag mask ventilation?
What is likely to cause air to enter the victim's stomach (gastric inflation) during bag mask ventilation?
What are the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2 rescuers CPR in the presence of an advanced airway in adult victims?
What are the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2 rescuers CPR in the presence of an advanced airway in adult victims?
How does complete chest recoil contribute to effective CPR?
How does complete chest recoil contribute to effective CPR?
What is the recommended compression-ventilation ratio for 2 rescuer adult CPR?
What is the recommended compression-ventilation ratio for 2 rescuer adult CPR?
To reduce fatigue during CPR, how often should compressions switch roles?
To reduce fatigue during CPR, how often should compressions switch roles?
What is the recommended compression rate for performing CPR on a victim of any age?
What is the recommended compression rate for performing CPR on a victim of any age?
During 2 rescuer CPR, one rescuer will provide chest compressions. What is the role of the second rescuer?
During 2 rescuer CPR, one rescuer will provide chest compressions. What is the role of the second rescuer?
Why are chest compressions important?
Why are chest compressions important?
What is the first step to perform once the AED arrives on the scene?
What is the first step to perform once the AED arrives on the scene?
When should you deliver a shock from the AED?
When should you deliver a shock from the AED?
What is the best way to relieve severe choking in a responsive adult?
What is the best way to relieve severe choking in a responsive adult?
What is the correct depth of chest compression for a child victim?
What is the correct depth of chest compression for a child victim?
What is the recommended compression ventilation ratio for 2 rescuer child CPR?
What is the recommended compression ventilation ratio for 2 rescuer child CPR?
What size AED pads should be used for a child less than 8 years of age?
What size AED pads should be used for a child less than 8 years of age?
A choking adult becomes unresponsive while you are doing abdominal thrusts for severe choking. What should you do next?
A choking adult becomes unresponsive while you are doing abdominal thrusts for severe choking. What should you do next?
What is the recommended compression ventilation ratio for 1 rescuer infant CPR?
What is the recommended compression ventilation ratio for 1 rescuer infant CPR?
What is the preferred technique for providing chest compressions during 2 rescuer CPR for an infant?
What is the preferred technique for providing chest compressions during 2 rescuer CPR for an infant?
Where is the brachial pulse located?
Where is the brachial pulse located?
While performing high-quality CPR on an adult, what action should you ensure is being accomplished?
While performing high-quality CPR on an adult, what action should you ensure is being accomplished?
A 53-year-old woman collapses while gardening. She is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. When the AED arrives, what is the first step for using it?
A 53-year-old woman collapses while gardening. She is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. When the AED arrives, what is the first step for using it?
After the AED pads are attached to the victim's bare chest, the AED detects ventricular fibrillation. What is the next step when using an AED?
After the AED pads are attached to the victim's bare chest, the AED detects ventricular fibrillation. What is the next step when using an AED?
What should you do if you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in water?
What should you do if you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in water?
How can rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths when using a bag-mask device?
How can rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths when using a bag-mask device?
What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infant CPR?
What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infant CPR?
What is a consideration when you are using an AED?
What is a consideration when you are using an AED?
What actions should occur next, to support a team-based resuscitation attempt?
What actions should occur next, to support a team-based resuscitation attempt?
Two rescuers begin high-quality CPR while the third rescuer leaves to get the AED. What action supports 2-rescuer CPR?
Two rescuers begin high-quality CPR while the third rescuer leaves to get the AED. What action supports 2-rescuer CPR?
Match the statement with the most appropriate element of team dynamics listed.
Match the statement with the most appropriate element of team dynamics listed.
A victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive. What is your first course of action?
A victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive. What is your first course of action?
Why is defibrillation important?
Why is defibrillation important?
You witness someone suddenly collapse. The person is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and there is no pulse. What should you do next?
You witness someone suddenly collapse. The person is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and there is no pulse. What should you do next?
Which action is most likely to positively impact this victim's survival?
Which action is most likely to positively impact this victim's survival?
You and another rescuer begin CPR. After a few cycles, you notice the chest compression rate is slowing. What should you say to offer constructive feedback?
You and another rescuer begin CPR. After a few cycles, you notice the chest compression rate is slowing. What should you say to offer constructive feedback?
How do you perform chest compressions when providing high-quality CPR to a child victim?
How do you perform chest compressions when providing high-quality CPR to a child victim?
When performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, what modification should you incorporate?
When performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, what modification should you incorporate?
You have determined that the infant is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction. How do you relieve the airway obstruction?
You have determined that the infant is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction. How do you relieve the airway obstruction?
Which action do you perform to relieve choking in an unresponsive infant?
Which action do you perform to relieve choking in an unresponsive infant?
Which victim requires high-quality CPR?
Which victim requires high-quality CPR?
Match the statement with the most appropriate element of team dynamics listed.
Match the statement with the most appropriate element of team dynamics listed.
Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing high-quality CPR?
Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing high-quality CPR?
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Study Notes
CPR and AED Guidelines
- CPR is required for victims who are unresponsive, lack normal breathing, and have no pulse.
- Move adult victims requiring CPR from dangerous environments when necessary.
- High-quality CPR requires starting chest compressions within 10 seconds of recognizing cardiac arrest.
- Limit interruptions of chest compressions to a maximum of 10 seconds.
- Successful rescue breaths for infants are indicated by visible chest rise.
Airway Management and Techniques
- The head tilt-chin lift maneuver is preferred for opening the airway in unresponsive victims unless cervical spine injury is suspected.
- Single rescuers should avoid using a bag-mask device for rescue breaths during CPR due to inefficiency.
Bag-Mask Ventilation
- Gastric inflation occurs when breaths are administered too quickly or too forcefully, leading to air entering the stomach.
CPR Compression and Ventilation Rates
- For 2-rescuer CPR with an advanced airway in adults, compress at least 100 times per minute, with 2 breaths every 5 to 10 seconds.
- The compression-ventilation ratio for 2-rescuer adult CPR is 30:2.
- To minimize fatigue, rescuers should switch roles after every 5 cycles of compressions and breaths.
Effectiveness of CPR
- Effective CPR compresses to a depth of at least 2 inches and allows complete chest recoil for optimal blood refilling.
- The recommended compression rate for CPR on any age victim is 100 per minute.
AED Usage
- Upon AED arrival, the first step is to turn on the device.
- Shock delivery from an AED occurs only after prompts instructing to "clear the victim."
- If using an AED on someone submerged in water, first pull them out and wipe the chest dry.
Choking Response Techniques
- For severe choking in responsive adults, perform abdominal thrusts.
- If an unresponsive choking adult becomes limp, immediately begin CPR.
- For children under 8, use adult AED pads if pediatric pads are not available.
Infant CPR Specifics
- The compression-ventilation ratio for 1-rescuer infant CPR is 30:2, and for 2-rescuer infant CPR, it is 15:2.
- During 2-rescuer CPR for infants, use the 2 thumb-encircling hand technique for chest compressions.
- When performing CPR on a choking infant, check the mouth for obstructions whenever the airway is opened.
Team Dynamics in CPR
- Effective team-based resuscitation requires alternating high-quality chest compressions among rescuers.
- Team members should understand their roles and maintain clear communication to function efficiently.
Importance of CPR
- Rescue breaths need to be effective and can be verified by observing chest rise with the bag-mask device.
- High-quality CPR significantly improves survival rates as it facilitates blood circulation to vital organs.
- Defibrillation restores regular heart rhythms, crucial during cardiac emergencies.
Recommendations for CPR
- Provide feedback to partners to maintain the compression rate of 100 to 120 per minute.
- Check for any obstructions in the mouth during CPR in unresponsive choking victims.
- Perform back slaps followed by chest thrusts for infant airway obstruction relief.
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