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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of CPR?
What is the primary purpose of CPR?
What should be done first when assessing a patient for CPR?
What should be done first when assessing a patient for CPR?
When performing CPR, how many compressions should be done before giving breaths?
When performing CPR, how many compressions should be done before giving breaths?
What is the significance of assessing the scene before starting CPR?
What is the significance of assessing the scene before starting CPR?
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Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of cardiac arrest?
Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of cardiac arrest?
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What is the minimum depth for chest compressions when performing CPR on an adult?
What is the minimum depth for chest compressions when performing CPR on an adult?
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Which technique should be used to open the airway when performing CPR?
Which technique should be used to open the airway when performing CPR?
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What is the ideal rate for chest compressions during CPR?
What is the ideal rate for chest compressions during CPR?
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When performing CPR with multiple providers, how often should rescuers switch positions?
When performing CPR with multiple providers, how often should rescuers switch positions?
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What is an important criterion to ensure high-quality CPR?
What is an important criterion to ensure high-quality CPR?
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Study Notes
CPR Definition
- CPR is a critical life-saving technique used to artificially maintain both circulation and ventilation in individuals experiencing cardiac respiratory arrest.
- The goal is to keep the individual alive until advanced medical help arrives.
CPR Purpose
- CPR aims to establish effective circulation and respiration.
- The objective is to ensure oxygenated blood is delivered to the body by facilitating carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange.
- CPR helps prevent irreversible brain damage.
Signs of Cardiac Arrest
- Sudden loss of consciousness
- Pallor (pale skin)
- Cyanosis (blue skin discoloration)
- Inaudible blood pressure
- Absence of carotid or femoral pulse
- Gasping followed by the cessation of respiration
CPR Process
- Maintaining an open airway
- Conducting CPR
- Maintaining breathing
- Maintaining Circulation
CPR Steps in 30 Second Assessment
- Perform a quick visual assessment of the patient.
- Verify patient responsiveness, open the airway, and simultaneously check for breathing and a carotid pulse.
- These checks should last for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds.
- If the person is unresponsive, not breathing normally, and lacks a pulse, shout for help and send someone to call emergency medical services (EMS) and locate an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).
- Initiation of CPR should begin within 30 seconds.
CPR Cycle (30:2)
- Give two effective breaths with a barrier device.
- Perform 30 high-quality compressions.
How to Use AED
- Use an AED if available.
Healthcare Setting CPR
- Place the patient on a firm, flat surface like a bed or floor.
- Ensure the bed is at an appropriate working height, and lower the side rails closest to you.
CPR Hand Positioning
- Expose the patient's chest to ensure proper hand placement and see chest recoil.
- Place the heel of one hand in the center of the patient's chest on the lower half of the sternum.
- Position your other hand on top of the first hand, interlacing your fingers or holding them upright to avoid pressure on the chest.
CPR Body Positioning
- Align your shoulders directly over your hands for optimal compression.
- This ensures a straight up-and-down motion while compressing the chest.
- Lock your elbows to maintain straight arms during compressions.
Chest Compression Technique
- Compress the chest to a depth of at least 2 inches (5-6 cm) for adults.
- Aim for a compression rate of 100 to 120 per minute, ensuring smooth, consistent compressions.
- Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression.
High-Quality CPR Criteria
- Begin chest compressions (firm and fast) within 10 seconds.
- Allow complete chest recoil between each compression.
- Minimize interruptions during compressions.
- Ensure breaths make the chest rise.
- Avoid excessive ventilation.
- Assess for a shockable rhythm as soon as an AED is available for cardiac arrest.
Mask Seal and Airway Opening
- Use an adult pocket mask for single-provider CPR or a bag valve mask (BVM) for multiple-provider CPR.
- Seal the mask and simultaneously open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique.
Modified Jaw-Thrust Maneuver
- Use the modified jaw-thrust maneuver when a head, neck, or spinal injury is suspected.
Ventilation Technique
- While maintaining a mask seal and open airway, provide smooth, effortless ventilations.
- Each breath should last approximately 1 second and cause the chest to rise.
- Avoid over-ventilation.
Hands-Only CPR
- If ventilation is undesirable (due to concerns regarding airborne illness), hands-only CPR is an appropriate alternative.
Two-Rescuer CPR
- One rescuer is responsible for calling EMS, obtaining the AED, connecting and operating it.
- The other rescuer handles compressions and ventilation.
- Switch roles every 2 minutes (5 cycles).
Position Switching
- During multiple-provider CPR, smoothly switch positions every 5 cycles of compressions and breaths.
- One cycle comprises 30 compressions and two breaths for adults, taking less than 10 seconds.
AED Instruction
- Follow the instructions provided by the AED.
- Power on the device.
- Correctly attach the pads.
- Ensure clearing of individuals from the patient for AED analysis and shock delivery.
- Repeat every 2 minutes.
Continuing CPR
- Continue providing CPR until:
- Signs of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) appear, such as patient movement or normal breathing.
- Trained providers take over CPR responsibilities.
- A valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented.
- You are alone and fatigued to continue.
- The situation becomes unsafe.
Child CPR
- Chest compression depth should not exceed 5 cm.
- Use pediatric AED pads until age 8, then use adult-sized pads.
Infant CPR
- Use the middle two or three fingers for compressions.
- Utilize pediatric AED pads, placing them on the front and back of the chest.
- Cover the infant's nose and mouth with your mouth during mouth-to-mouth breathing.
AED Connections
- Ensure proper connection of the AED pads.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of CPR, including its definition, purpose, and the signs of cardiac arrest. You'll learn about the critical steps in the CPR process and how to perform a quick assessment in emergencies. Test your knowledge of this life-saving technique and improve your response in critical situations.
