CPR and Defibrillation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To produce red blood cells.
To transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and remove waste products. (correct)
To regulate body temperature through sweat glands.
To filter waste products from the blood.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air in the lungs occurs in which of the following structures?

Bronchioles
Pleura
Alveoli (correct)
Trachea

What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the cardiovascular system?

To initiate the electrical impulse that triggers heart contraction. (correct)
To regulate blood pressure by releasing hormones.
To filter pathogens from the blood.
To facilitate the exchange of nutrients in the heart muscle.

Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for carrying blood away from the heart?

Arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of valves within the heart?

To prevent the backflow of blood. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the cardiovascular system respond to increased physical activity?

By increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?

Red blood cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do capillaries play in the cardiovascular system?

They are the site of exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between blood and tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A middle-aged man collapses and is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders didn't provide care. What is the most appropriate first action?

Immediately begin chest compressions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

After initiating chest compressions on an adult patient, at what rate (compressions per minute) should you be performing them?

100-120 (C) Signup and view all the answers

When performing chest compressions on an adult, what is the appropriate depth to compress the chest?

At least 2 inches (D) Signup and view all the answers

While performing CPR on an adult, what is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio when there is only one rescuer?

30:2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What hand placement is recommended for chest compressions on an adult?

Lower half of the sternum, between the nipples (A) Signup and view all the answers

During CPR, how frequently should rescuers switch roles (compressions and ventilations) to prevent fatigue and maintain effective chest compressions?

Every 2 minutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of allowing complete chest recoil during the chest compression phase of CPR?

It helps facilitate venous return and improves cardiac filling. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the patient suddenly starts gasping occasionally during CPR, what should you do?

Continue CPR without interruption. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During a resuscitation attempt, which action should be prioritized immediately after recognizing a sudden cardiac arrest?

Initiating high-quality CPR and applying the AED as soon as possible. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the AED (Automated External Defibrillator) in the beginning during the process of resuscitation?

To determine if a shock is advised. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is immediate defibrillation the MOST critical intervention?

Ventricular fibrillation (VF). (C) Signup and view all the answers

After delivering a shock using an AED, what is the next immediate step?

Continue chest compressions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which action is LEAST important when preparing to use an AED?

Administering supplemental oxygen. (C) Signup and view all the answers

While performing CPR on an adult, what compression rate per minute is MOST appropriate?

At least 100. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST reliable method to confirm proper placement of an advanced airway device during resuscitation?

Use of a capnography device. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a resuscitation, why is it important to minimize interruptions in chest compressions?

To maximize coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physiological changes directly contributes to a decrease in the heart's pumping force?

Reduced ventricular contractility (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of hypertension is found to have left ventricular hypertrophy. How does this adaptation initially affect cardiac output?

Maintains cardiac output, but increases myocardial oxygen demand (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which compensatory mechanism is activated in response to a sudden decrease in blood pressure?

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling mechanism's effect on cardiac output?

Increased preload leads to increased stroke volume (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of increased afterload on the heart's performance?

Increases the resistance against which the heart must pump (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic heart failure experiences shortness of breath. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism?

Pulmonary congestion due to increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system have on the heart?

Increased heart rate and contractility (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to a decrease in cardiac output?

Mitral valve stenosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the body typically respond to prolonged periods of physical deconditioning on the cardiovascular system?

Increased resting heart rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What describes the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Sense changes in blood pressure and trigger compensatory mechanisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is early defibrillation crucial in cases of cardiac arrest?

It increases the likelihood of restoring a functional heart rhythm. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the MOST significant benefit of early defibrillation during cardiac arrest?

Increasing the probability of converting ventricular fibrillation into a perfusing rhythm. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cardiac arrest management, what is the primary rationale for prioritizing early defibrillation?

To potentially reverse life-threatening arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does early defibrillation impact the chances of successful resuscitation following a cardiac arrest?

It supports the return of spontaneous circulation while minimizing neurological damage. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the effectiveness of defibrillation decrease over time during cardiac arrest?

The chance of converting ventricular fibrillation into a perfusing rhythm diminishes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST critical factor that determines the success of defibrillation during a cardiac arrest event?

The duration of time between the onset of the arrest and delivery of the shock. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly influences the likelihood of successful defibrillation in a patient experiencing cardiac arrest?

The interval between collapse and the delivery of the first defibrillation shock. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the delay in defibrillation following cardiac arrest impact the potential for neurological recovery?

Increased delays lead to a higher chance of severe brain damage due to reduced cerebral perfusion. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During cardiac arrest, what is the immediate next step after confirming unresponsiveness and absence of breathing?

Beginning chest compressions (B) Signup and view all the answers

After initiating CPR on an adult, when should you consider activating the emergency response system (e.g., calling 911)?

Before beginning CPR, if you are alone (B) Signup and view all the answers

While performing CPR, another person arrives with an automated external defibrillator (AED). What is the FIRST action you should take?

Continue chest compressions while the other person turns on the AED and attaches the pads (C) Signup and view all the answers

When using an AED, after delivering a shock, what is the next immediate step?

Resume chest compressions without delay (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for adults during CPR?

At least 2 inches (5 cm) (C) Signup and view all the answers

During CPR, what is the recommended rate of chest compressions per minute for adults?

100-120 compressions per minute (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what modification to AED pad placement is recommended?

Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device (A) Signup and view all the answers

What ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths is recommended for adult CPR when performed by a single rescuer?

30 compressions to 2 breaths (B) Signup and view all the answers

After identifying that a victim requires CPR, what is the importance of allowing complete chest recoil between compressions?

It allows more blood to flow back into the heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is early defibrillation a critical step in managing cardiac arrest?

It can restore a normal heart rhythm in cases of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Apneic

Absence of breathing. The patient is not moving air in or out of the lungs.

Bystander

A person nearby when an unwitnessed event occurred.