CPR and AED Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What can soft materials be used for?

to form a splint

What is a sling?

a specific kind of soft splint that supports an injured arm, wrist, or hand

Which of the following can serve as rigid splints?

Boards (correct)

Metal strips (correct)

Blankets

Towels

What is an anatomic splint?

the person's body is the splint Signup and view all the answers

What materials can be used for a soft splint?

folded blankets, towels, pillows, or folded triangular bandages Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to care for an open fracture?

summon EMS personnel and place sterile dressings around the open fracture Signup and view all the answers

How do you control external bleeding?

cover the wound with a dressing and apply direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to splint an arm injury?

leave the arm in the position found and place a triangular bandage under the arm Signup and view all the answers

How do you splint a leg injury?

Place several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area Signup and view all the answers

How do you splint a foot injury?

Place several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area Signup and view all the answers

How do you splint a rib and breastbone injury?

Place a pillow between the injured ribs and arm, then bind the arm to the body Signup and view all the answers

How do you splint a hand or finger injury?

Use a bulky dressing in the palm and tape the injured finger to the next finger Signup and view all the answers

What does CPR stand for?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Signup and view all the answers

What does AED stand for?

Automated External Defibrillator Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform one rescuer CPR?

Give cycles of 30 chest compressions (pushing at least 2" for an adult, about 2" for a child, and about 1 1/2" for an infant) then give two ventilations. Signup and view all the answers

When can you stop CPR?

Do not stop CPR except when you see an obvious sign of life, an AED is ready to use, another trained responder takes over, more advanced medical personnel take over, you are too exhausted to continue, or the scene becomes unsafe. Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform two rescuer CPR on an adult or a child?

The 2nd responder gives cycles of 30 chest compressions for an adult, and 15 for a child. The 1st responder gives 2 ventilations and positions should change about every 2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform 2 rescuer CPR on an infant?

The 2nd responder gives cycles of 15 chest compressions, while the 1st gives 2 ventilations. Signup and view all the answers

How often should you change positions in two rescuer CPR?

Every 2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

How can you keep an even pace when giving CPR?

By counting out loud. Signup and view all the answers

When do you give CPR?

When the victim has no pulse and is not breathing. Signup and view all the answers

How are the hand positions different in Adult/Child CPR and Infant CPR?

In Adult/Child CPR, the heel of one hand is placed in the center of the chest (on the lower half of the sternum), with the other hand on top. In Infant CPR, two or three fingers are used on the center of the chest (just below the nipple line). Signup and view all the answers

How far do you push when giving CPR chest compressions to an adult?

At least 2". Signup and view all the answers

How far do you push when giving CPR chest compressions to a child?

About 2". Signup and view all the answers

How far do you push when giving CPR chest compressions to an infant?

About 1 1/2". Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cardiac Chain of Survival?

Early recognition and access to EMS, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced medical care. Signup and view all the answers

What are causes of heart attacks?

Cardiovascular disease, respiratory distress, electrocution, and traumatic injury. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common conditions caused by cardiovascular disease?

Coronary heart disease (also known as coronary artery disease) and stroke. Signup and view all the answers

What are some signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

Chest discomfort or pain that is severe, lasts longer than 3 to 5 minutes, goes away and comes back, or persists even during rest; difficulty breathing; pale or ashen skin; nausea or vomiting; and fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

What do you do if you think someone has a heart attack?

Take immediate action and summon EMS personnel. Have the victim stop any activity and rest in a comfortable position. Signup and view all the answers

What medicine can you give a heart attack victim?

Aspirin. Signup and view all the answers

What should you ask before giving a heart attack victim an aspirin?

Are you allergic to aspirin? Do you have a stomach ulcer or stomach disease? Are you taking any blood thinners? Have you been told by a doctor not to take aspirin? Signup and view all the answers

What is Cardiac Arrest caused by?

A heart attack, drowning, electrocution, respiratory arrest, or other conditions. Signup and view all the answers

When should you perform CPR?

When a victim has no pulse and is not breathing. Signup and view all the answers

How can you increase the effectiveness of CPR compressions?

The victim is on a firm, flat surface, compressions are of the proper depth, and chest fully recoils after each compression. Signup and view all the answers

What should you remember to do when giving ventilations?

Maintain an open airway by keeping the head tilted back, seal the mask over the victim's mouth and nose, and ensure the chest rises and falls. Signup and view all the answers

A victim begins gasping, do you continue CPR or let them gasp?

Continue CPR Signup and view all the answers

Rescuer one is giving the victim CPR, rescuer two arrives. What do they do?

Ask if EMS has been called, call EMS if not, get additional equipment (AED), help with CPR. Signup and view all the answers

What is Defibrillation?

The delivery of an electrical shock that may help re-establish an effective rhythm. Signup and view all the answers

How can CPR help a victim?

CPR can help by supplying blood that contains oxygen to the brain and vital organs. Signup and view all the answers

What are AEDs?

AEDs are portable electronic devices that analyze the heart's rhythm and provide an electrical shock. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most treatable abnormal heart rhythms?

Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) and ventricular tachycardia (V-tach). Signup and view all the answers

What is Ventricular Fibrillation?

The ventricles quiver without any organized rhythm, preventing the heart from pumping effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ventricular Tachycardia?

An abnormal electrical impulse fires so fast that the heart's chambers do not fill properly, resulting in ineffective blood pumping. Signup and view all the answers

How do you use an AED on an adult?

Apply AED pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm, following its prompts. Signup and view all the answers

How do you use an AED on a child or an infant?

Use pediatric AED pads, if available; otherwise, adult pads can be used, ensuring proper placement. Signup and view all the answers

Do not touch a victim while the AED is analyzing.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hold the victim still while they are being shocked with the AED.

False Signup and view all the answers

Can you have flammable materials such as free flowing oxygen or gas near when using an AED?

False Signup and view all the answers

What do you do if a victim is wearing a nitroglycerin patch and needs an AED?

Remove it with a gloved hand. Signup and view all the answers

Can you use an AED on a victim in the water?

False Signup and view all the answers

Can you use an AED on a victim in rain or snow?

True Signup and view all the answers

Can you use an AED on a victim with a pacemaker?

True Signup and view all the answers

What do you do if the victim has chest hair and you need to use an AED?

Try pressing pads on over chest hair, and if needed, shave the hair and attach new pads. Signup and view all the answers

Can you shock a woman if she is pregnant?

True Signup and view all the answers

Can you shock a victim suffering from traumatic injuries?

True Signup and view all the answers

What are roles in a multi-rescuer response for an unconscious victim?

Airway- rescuer holds victim in open airway position; Breathing- rescuer gives ventilations; Circulation- rescuer gives compressions and operates AED. Signup and view all the answers

What should you consider when making decisions in an emergency?

Consider the safety of the victim and others, risks of further injury, and whether to summon EMS personnel. Signup and view all the answers

How do you care for a diabetic?

If conscious, give sugar or glucose paste/tablets; summon EMS for severe cases. Signup and view all the answers

How do you care for a fainting victim?

Lower the person to the ground, loosen tight clothing, ensure they are breathing, and do not give them anything to eat or drink. Signup and view all the answers

How do you care for a victim having a seizure?

Protect them from injury, position on their side after the seizure, reassure and monitor afterward. Signup and view all the answers

How do you care for a stroke victim?

Recognize stroke symptoms and summon EMS immediately; use the FAST method. Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of a stroke?

Sudden weakness/numbness, difficulty with speech, blurred vision, severe headache, dizziness, and loss of balance. Signup and view all the answers

How can you minimize the effects of shock?

Summon EMS, control external bleeding, keep the victim warm and lying flat, reassure them. Signup and view all the answers

How do you care for a nosebleed?

Have the victim sit slightly forward and pinch the nostrils together for about 5 to 10 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

How do you care for injuries to muscles, bones, and joints?

Summon EMS if necessary, support the injured area, check for circulation, immobilize if needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the general care for all musculoskeletal injuries?

RICE: Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of splints?

Anatomic splints, soft splints, and rigid splints. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CPR and AED Basics

CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, critical for maintaining blood flow in emergencies.
AED: Automated External Defibrillator, used to analyze heart rhythms and deliver shocks.

Performing CPR

One Rescuer CPR: 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations. Depth: at least 2 inches for adults, 2 inches for children, 1.5 inches for infants.
Two Rescuer CPR: For adults, use 30 compressions; for children, use 15 compressions. Switch roles every 2 minutes.
Infant CPR: 15 compressions with 2 ventilations from the first rescuer.

CPR Guidelines

When to Stop CPR: Only stop if the victim shows signs of life, an AED is ready, another trained responder arrives, or the situation becomes unsafe.
Ventilation Tips: Maintain an open airway, seal the mask, and ensure chest rises for each breath.

Recognizing Cardiac Emergencies

Signs of a Heart Attack: Severe chest discomfort or pain lasting more than 3-5 minutes, difficulty breathing, pale skin, sweating, dizziness, nausea, or fatigue.
Action Steps for Heart Attack: Call EMS, have the victim rest, loosen tight clothing, and monitor their condition. Prepare to use CPR and AED if necessary.

AED Usage

Application: Apply AED pads, follow prompts, and do not interrupt CPR until the AED is ready. After a shock, resume CPR for 2 minutes.
Pediatric AED Use: Use pediatric pads for children; if unavailable, adult pads can be used. Placement may require one pad on the chest and another on the back if pads risk overlapping.
Precautions: Ensure the victim is not in water and is dry; remove nitroglycerin patches with gloves before use.

Advanced Cardiac Conditions

Ventricular Fibrillation: Heart ventricles quiver without organized rhythm, leading to no pulse.
Ventricular Tachycardia: Rapid heart rate preventing chambers from filling. Can either have a pulse or be pulseless.

Multiple Rescuer Responses

Roles: Designate rescuers for airway clearance, CPR administration, AED operation, and EMS communication.

General Emergency Care

Diabetic Care: Provide sugar if conscious; call EMS if they cannot swallow or do not improve.
Fainting Victims: Lay them flat, loosen clothing, and monitor breathing without offering food or drink.
Seizure Care: Protect from injury, position on side post-seizure, and remain until fully conscious.

Shock and Bleeding Management

Shock Management: Call EMS, control bleeding, keep victim flat, and prevent overheating or chilling.
Nosebleed Care: Lean forward, pinch nostrils, apply pressure, and avoid choking on blood.
Control External Bleeding: Apply direct pressure, cover with a dressing, and check circulation. If bleeding persists, apply more dressings and seek EMS.

Musculoskeletal Injuries

RICE Method: Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate.
Types of Splints: Anatomic, soft (using blankets or towels), and rigid (using boards or magazines).

Open Fracture Care

Prioritize calling EMS, place sterile dressings, secure without moving bones, and prevent further injury.

These notes cover key procedures and considerations for CPR, AED usage, and general emergency care, crucial for readiness in life-threatening situations.### Bleeding Control and Tourniquets

Follow local protocols for bleeding control methods.
Consider applying a tourniquet as a last resort for severe bleeding.

Splinting an Arm Injury

Leave the arm in its natural position or the position held by the victim.
Use a triangular bandage under the injured arm and over the uninjured shoulder to create a sling.
Secure the sling by tying the ends at the neck and place gauze pads under the knots for comfort.
Fix the arm against the chest using a folded triangular bandage.

Splinting a Leg Injury

Position several folded triangular bandages above and below the injury site.
Align the uninjured leg parallel to the injured leg for added support.
Tie the triangular bandages with secure knots to immobilize the injury.

Splinting a Foot Injury

Use a range of folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area.
Wrap a soft object, such as a pillow or folded blanket, carefully around the injury.
Secure the bandages with strong knots to ensure the foot is immobilized.

Splinting a Rib and Breastbone Injury

Insert a pillow or folded towel between the victim's injured ribs and arm for cushioning.
Bind the injured arm to the body to stabilize and support the injured area.

Splinting a Hand/Finger Injury

For hand injuries, place a bulky dressing in the palm and wrap it with a roller bandage to secure it.
In case of a suspected fractured or dislocated finger, tape the injured finger to the adjacent finger for stability.

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Test your knowledge on CPR and AED terminology with these flashcards. Learn the definitions and correct techniques for performing CPR and using an AED. This quiz is essential for healthcare providers and anyone interested in life-saving techniques.