Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)?
To protect the world's plants against pests.
How many member nations are involved in the IPPC?
185 nations.
What are phytosanitary measures based on according to the WTO-SPS Agreement?
International standards or risk analysis justifications.
What is one key obligation of member countries under the IPPC?
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What does the IPPC emphasize regarding the necessity of regulations?
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How does the IPPC support capacity development in plant protection?
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What is the role of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM)?
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What type of measures should phytosanitary regulations be, according to the IPPC principles?
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What is the primary purpose of Pest Risk Analysis in the context of ISPM?
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How does the IPPC facilitate the development of phytosanitary standards?
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What role does the IPPC play in promoting international trade in agriculture?
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How can capacity development impacts food security?
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What strategies does the IPPC adopt for capacity development in plant protection?
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What is the objective of the Implementation Review and Support System (IRSS)?
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How does the IPPC ensure communication between contracting parties regarding phytosanitary measures?
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What is the significance of member consultations in the development of ISPMs?
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What is the role of Pest Risk Analysis in international trade?
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What do ISPMs stand for and what is their purpose?
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How do phytosanitary measures contribute to food security?
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What is the primary function of National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs)?
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What activities are performed by the Subsidiary Body on Dispute Settlement?
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How often does the Standards Committee meet and what do they focus on?
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In what ways do Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs) support the IPPC?
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What is the significance of technical panels like the Technical Panel on Forest Quarantine (TPFQ)?
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What does the IPPC Secretariat do?
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How many ISPMs have been adopted according to the work programme?
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Study Notes
CPM Administrative Bodies
- The Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) consists of several administrative bodies:
- Bureau with 7 members
- Standards Committee (SC) comprising 25 members
- Subsidiary Body on Dispute Settlement
- Various Working Groups
Standards Committee (SC)
- Composed of 25 international experts from the 7 FAO regions.
- Meets biannually in May and November.
- Responsible for:
- Discussion of the standard setting process.
- Approval of specifications and draft ISPMs (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures).
- Reviewing member comments and recommending ISPMs for CPM adoption.
Working Groups and Panels
- Hosts expert working groups, with a variable but generally small number each year.
- Includes multiple Technical Panels focusing on specific areas:
- Technical Panel on Forest Quarantine (TPFQ)
- Technical Panel on Diagnostic Protocols (TPDP)
- Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments (TPPT)
- Technical Panel on Fruit Flies (TPFF)
- Technical Panel on Glossary (TPG)
Subsidiary Body on Dispute Settlement
- Comprises 7 international experts from the 7 FAO regions.
- Focuses on:
- Development of dispute settlement procedures.
- Maintenance of a roster of phytosanitary experts.
- Providing essential information for effective dispute preparation.
National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)
- Aims to safeguard national plant resources against pests.
- Ensures food security by protecting crops for a reliable food supply.
- Enhances international trade by complying with pest risk analysis and import requirements.
- Promotes environmental protection by preserving ecosystems and horticultural resources.
Regional Plant Protection Organization (RPPO)
- Coordinates activities among NPPOs to achieve IPPC objectives.
- Distributes information related to IPPC.
- Collaborates with CPM and IPPC Secretariat for developing phytosanitary standards.
- Gathers annually for technical consultations among RPPOs.
Regional Plant Protection Organizations
- APPPC: Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission
- CA: Comunidad Andina
- COSAVE: Comité de Sanidad Vegetal del Cono Sur
- CPPC: Caribbean Plant Protection Commission
- EPPO: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
- IAPSC: Inter-African Phytosanitary Council
- NAPPO: North American Plant Protection Organization
- OIRSA: Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria
- PPP: Pacific Plant Protection Organization
IPPC Secretariat
- Hosted by FAO in Rome, Italy.
- Implementing work programs and supporting the development of ISPMs.
- Facilitates information exchange, technical assistance, and dispute settlements.
- Represents the IPPC in international contexts.
International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs)
- Developed by member countries, adopted by CPM, and implemented by members.
- Total of 47 ISPMs adopted (with ISPM No. 30 being revoked).
- Includes 33 Diagnostic Protocols and 46 Phytosanitary Treatments.
- 75 topics are in progress across various developmental stages, available in six FAO languages.
Participation in Standard Setting
- Topics for ISPMs can be suggested biennially through IPPC calls.
- Members can draft ISPMs, nominate experts, review proposed standards, and participate in regional workshops.
- Attendance at the CPM and involvement in evening sessions enhances participation.
International Phytosanitary Portal
- Mechanism for information exchange between contracting parties.
- Contracting parties share official contact points and pest-related information.
- The IPPC Secretariat maintains updated official documents and online presence.
Capacity Development
- Guided by the IPPC Capacity Development Strategy and External Working Group (EWG).
- Offers phytosanitary support for national and regional projects, and ad hoc workshops.
- Collaborates with other regional and international organizations like IAEA and APEC.
Implementation Review and Support System (IRSS)
- Aims to promote effective implementation of IPPC and ISPMs as part of the strategic plan.
- Monitors harmonized implementation by member countries and identifies potential issues early.
- Archives baseline information for continuous updates regarding global plant protection.
The IPPC Convention
- Encompasses 185 nations focusing on plant protection against pests.
- Provides an international framework for pest management, standard-setting, and information exchange.
IPPC History and Evolution
- IPPC was originally adopted in 1951, revised in 1979, and again in 1997 to align with WTO-SPS principles.
- Establishes a formal governance structure, Secretariat, and standard-setting protocols.
Relationship with WTO-SPS Agreement
- Recognized as one of the "three sisters" in international standards alongside Codex and OIE.
- Member countries are mandated to harmonize phytosanitary measures according to international standards, with justified deviations based on risk analysis.
Key Principles of IPPC
- Recognizes sovereign authority to regulate phytosanitary standards.
- Encourages restraint in regulation and emphasizes technical justification and non-discrimination.
- Recommends transparency in published measures.
Key Obligations for Member Countries
- Establish and manage NPPOs.
- Designate IPPC contact points and certify exports.
- Develop phytosanitary standards and fulfill reporting obligations.
IPPC Administrative Framework
- Includes CPM, NPPO, RPPO, and the Secretariat as integral components of the governance structure.
- CPM serves as the governing body of IPPC, adopting ISPMs, facilitating technical assistance, and holding annual meetings.
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Description
This quiz explores the organizational structure and functions of the CPM and its key bodies, including the Bureau, Standards Committee, and Working Groups. It provides insights into their responsibilities and the standard-setting process within the FAO context.
