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Questions and Answers
What are the essential management theories discussed in the content?
What is the primary focus of Leadership in management?
Visionary and setting clear goals with strategic objectives
The ________________ approach provides high support but low direction in accomplishing duties.
Supportive Leader
Directive Leader presents rules, orders, or other defined instructions, but offers limited support.
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According to the classical management theory, what can motivate workers to put in more effort?
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What is the concept of Contingency Management also known as?
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According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, each manager can have multiple leadership styles.
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Organizational learning theory stresses the importance of developing a learning culture within the _____.
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Match the following management skills with their descriptions:
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What is the main difference between a leader and a manager?
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Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.
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What is the primary purpose of managerial planning?
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_________ involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources across the organization.
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Match the following management functions with their descriptions:
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According to the 14 Principles of Management, what is the responsibility of management towards their employees?
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Which proponent created the Bureaucratic Management theory?
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In Scientific Management theory, there is an emphasis on teamwork.
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According to Theory X, employees lack ambition and drive, leading them to need to be ______ around by bosses.
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Match the following management theories with their proponents:
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What is the main responsibility of Project Managers?
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What is the primary role of General Managers within an organization?
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First Line Managers are primarily concerned with long-term future planning.
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Management by Objectives (MBO) was invented by ______ in 1954.
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What type of payment scheme compensates hospitals for a patient's care based on the qualifying DRG?
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What are the main functions of a healthcare funding system?
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What is budgeting?
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Social Health Insurance is usually voluntary for employees.
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_______ costs refer to the expenses that do not fluctuate when the volume of work changes on a daily basis.
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What is the purpose of Fund Pooling in a healthcare funding system?
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Variable costs in a laboratory setting respond directly to changes in workload.
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Prospective Payment requires a tariff or set of charges to be agreed in advance with ____________.
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Match the health care provider payment methods with their descriptions:
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What are the areas normally considered by personnel policies?
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Human Resource Planning refers to planning the staffing needs of an organization.
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What is the main objective of Employee Induction and Training?
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_______ involves a formal annual review of performance, conducted jointly by the employee and their manager.
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What is the main focus of Job Analysis?
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Human resource planning is carried out at the individual level within an organization.
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What are the two main stages involved in the Recruitment and Selection process?
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Strategic Human Resource Management should be linked to the organization's ____________.
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Match the following models with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Leadership and Management
- Leadership: visionary, sets clear goals, ensures right things are done, manifests as patterns of behavior that engage others to complete tasks in a timely and productive manner
- Management: tactical, implements objectives, controls budgets, organizes staff, ensures things are done right
- Key differences between leadership and management:
- Leader: administrator, organizer, developer, risk-taker, inspiration, thinks long-term, asks what and why, challenges status quo
- Manager: implementer, maintains control, thinks short-term, asks how and when, watches bottom line, accepts status quo
Management Functions
- Planning: identifying goals for future organizational performance, deciding on tasks and resource allocation to attain them
- Organizing: assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources
- Leading: using influence to motivate employees, creating a shared culture and values, communicating goals, and infusing employees with desire to perform at a high level
- Controlling: monitoring employees' activities, determining if organization is on track to meet goals, and making corrections as necessary
Essential Management Theories
Systems Theory
- Proponent: Ludwig von Bertalanffy
- Encourages viewing business as a system governed by laws and behaviors of living organisms
- Emphasizes interdependence of components for success
Principles of Administrative Management
- 14 Principles of Management:
- Not specified in the text
- 6 Functions of Management:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading
- Controlling
- Not specified in the text
Bureaucratic Management
- Not specified in the text
Scientific Management
- Not specified in the text
Theories X and Y
- Not specified in the text
Human Relations Theory
- Not specified in the text
Classical Management
- Primary components:
- Not specified in the text
Contingency Management
- Not specified in the text
Modern Management
- Not specified in the text
Quantitative Management
- Not specified in the text
Organizations as Learning System
- Not specified in the text
Management Skills
- Manager's roles and attributes:
- Not specified in the text
- Management skills:
- Conceptual skills
- Human skills
- Technical skills
- Types of management:
- Not specified in the text
- Management by objectives:
- Not specified in the text### Principles of Administrative Management
- Miner and Henri Fayol are the proponents of administrative management
- Principles of administrative management:
- Examining a business from a top-down approach
- Importance of cleanliness and organization within a workplace
- Treating employees equally and respectfully
- Limiting employee turnover and keeping employees around
- Encouraging employee initiative and innovation
- Supporting and motivating employees
- 6 Functions of Management:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Commanding or Leading
- Coordinating
- Controlling
- 14 Principles of Management:
- Not listed in the text
Bureaucratic Management
- Proponent: Max Weber
- Took a sociological approach to management
- Emphasizes the importance of:
- Standardization
- Specialization
- Assignment based on ability
- Extensive training and supervision
- Hierarchical structure
- Clear rules and regulations
- 5 Principles of Bureaucratic Management Theory:
- Task specialization
- Formal selection
- Rules and requirements
- Impersonal approach
- Hierarchy
Scientific Management
- Proponent: Frederick Taylor
- Aims to make work more efficient
- Emphasizes the importance of:
- Finding the optimal way to complete tasks
- Micromanaging
- Assigning workers to jobs based on their abilities and motivation
- Monitoring workers closely
- Training employees
- 4 Principles of Scientific Management Theory:
- Studying tasks to determine the most efficient way to do them
- Matching workers to jobs based on their abilities and motivation
- Monitoring workers closely
- Training employees
Theories X and Y
- Proponent: Douglas McGregor
- Theory X: Assumes employees are apathetic and need to be ordered around
- Theory Y: Assumes employees are self-motivated and want to take ownership of their work
- Both theories are extreme, and most employees fall somewhere in between
Classical Management
- Proponents: H. Fayol, F. Taylor, and M. Weber
- 7 Key Principles:
- Profit maximization
- Labor specialization
- Central leadership
- Streamlined operations
- Emphasis on productivity
- Single-person or select-few decision-making
- Priority to the bottom line
- 3 Primary Components:
- Hierarchical structure
- Middle management
- Low-level management
Human Relations Theory
- Proponent: Elton Mayo
- Emphasizes the importance of social factors, such as personal attention and being part of a team, in motivating employees
- Contrasts with bureaucratic theory of management
Contingency Management
- Proponent: Fred Fiedler
- Emphasizes the importance of situational factors in determining effective leadership
- 3 Variables that Influence Organizational Structure:
- Size of the organization
- Technology used
- Leadership style
Quantitative Management
- Also known as management science theory
- Emphasizes the importance of quantifiable data in solving complex business problems
- Areas of application:
- Financial management
- Inventory evaluation
- Production scheduling
- Human resource planning
Organizations as Learning Systems
- Emphasizes the importance of developing a learning culture within the organization
- 3 Key Points:
- Developing a culture that prizes knowledge sharing
- Taking time to learn from failure
- Encouraging employees to engage in lifelong learning### Management Skills
- Increased employee job satisfaction, lower turnover rates, and increased productivity, profits, and efficiency are associated with Relationship-oriented Leaders.
- Relationship-oriented Leaders get the best results in situations of mixed favorableness and when facing strongly favorable or unfavorable situations.
- Task-oriented Leaders get the best results when they are facing strongly favorable or unfavorable situations.
- Modern management embraces the idea that people are complex, and their needs vary over time, possessing a range of talents and skills that can be developed through on-the-job training and other programs.
- Modern management involves a lively mix of ideas and techniques from varied historical perspectives, and managers tend to look for innovative ideas and approaches.
Manager's Roles and Attributes
- Managers coordinate resources in an effective and efficient manner to accomplish the organization's goals.
- To achieve high performance, managers need to use resources in an efficient and effective manner.
Management Skills
- Human Skills involve the ability to work with and through other people, to work effectively as a group member, and to relate to other people.
- Human Skills are demonstrated in the way a manager relates to other people, including the ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflicts.
- Human Skills are important for managers at all levels and in all types of organizations.
- Technical Skills involve understanding and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks, mastery of methods, techniques, and equipment involved in specific functions, and specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and the competent use of tools and techniques to solve problems.
- Technical Skills become less important than human and conceptual skills as managers move up the hierarchy.
- Conceptual Skills involve the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system, knowing where one's department fits into the total organization, and the ability to think strategically to take the broad long-term view and identify, evaluate, and solve complex problems.
- Conceptual Skills are needed by all managers, especially for top managers, who are responsible for decision-making, resource allocation, and innovation.
Types of Management
- Vertical Differentiation involves the chain of command, where authority flows from top to bottom.
- Horizontal Differentiation involves assigned tasks and responsibilities.
- Top Managers are responsible for the entire organization, setting organizational goals, defining strategies, and making decisions that affect the entire organization.
- Middle Managers are responsible for implementing the overall strategies and policies defined by top managers.
- Project Managers are responsible for a temporary work project that involves the participation of people from various functions and levels of the organization.
Management by Objectives
- Management by Objectives (MBO) is a management tool that involves setting and tracking objectives for a specific time period.
- Objectives and plans cascade down the organization until every individual has specific objectives for the period.
- MBO is an excellent tool for determining an individual employee's progress because it incorporates both the employee's assessment and the organization's evaluation.
- MBO helps employees understand how their targets contribute to organizational targets, and it secures the commitment of employees to attaining organizational goals.
Drawbacks of MBO
- MBO is entirely focused on goals and targets, ignoring other aspects of the company, such as corporate culture, worker conduct, healthy work ethics, and community involvement.
- Developing targets can be time-consuming, leaving both managers and employees with less time to carry out their duties.
- MBO can lead to poor teamwork between employees and unnecessary office politics.
Healthcare Funding
- Healthcare funding is a key part of the interaction between providers, managers, and citizens.
- The main managerial challenge is to ensure the necessary technical, organizational, and institutional arrangements so that providers will be motivated to increase health and improve the responsiveness of the system to health care needs.
- Funding System Functions include Revenue Collection, Pooling Resources, and Purchasing Care.
- Healthcare funding systems can be based on taxation, social health insurance, or other mechanisms.
Funding System Functions
- Revenue Collection involves taxation, which can be direct or indirect.
- Pooling Resources involves collecting and managing funds to finance health care.
- Purchasing Care involves deciding which packages of care to buy, from whom to buy them, and how to buy them.
- Prospective Funding Based on Devolved Budgets involves internal and external incentives on funding agencies.
- Budgeting involves operational budget preparation, rate setting, and types of costs.
Healthcare Funding Systems
- Social Health Insurance is usually compulsory and shared between the employee and the employer.
- Social Health Insurance tends to focus on personal health care, and coverage may be restricted to the employed population.
- Other healthcare funding systems include taxation, out-of-pocket payments, and private insurance.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of good management, leadership, and management in health services, part of the Bachelor of Science in Public Health program.
