CP Part 4 Medical Flashcards

PSA: Blood test for diagnosing prostatic hypertrophy; often used to screen for prostate cancer in men.
Circumcision: Surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin) from the penis, typically performed on newborns.
TURP: Transurethral resection of the prostate; a surgical procedure where prostate tissue is removed through the urethra to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Testosterone: Primary male sex hormone produced by interstitial cells in the testes; essential for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.

Epispadia: A congenital condition characterized by the urethral opening located on the top (dorsal side) of the penis, which may lead to urinary and sexual function issues.

Antimuscarinic: Class of medication used to treat overactive bladder by blocking the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors, leading to decreased bladder contractions.
Diuretic: Class of medication that promotes increased urinary output, often used in the management of hypertension and edema.
Electrolyte: Classification includes mineral supplements important for maintaining body’s fluid levels and muscle function.

Antibiotic: A broad classification for medications that destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria; co-trimoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) used to treat a variety of infections.
Sulfonamide: Type of antibiotic, co-trimoxazole combines trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, effectively treating infections.
Fluoroquinolone: Antibiotic class that includes ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin (Levaquin); effective against a wide range of bacterial infections.
Tetracycline: Class of antibiotics used to treat various infections, though the example provided refers mistakenly to levofloxacin; tetracycline includes doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin).
Aminoglycoside: Antibiotic class including tobramycin (Tobrex), often used for serious bacterial infections.
Macrolide: Includes erythromycin (Ery-tab) and azithromycin (Zithromax); commonly used to treat respiratory infections and skin infections.
Penicillin: Broad spectrum of antibiotics; amoxicillin (Amoxil, Moxtag) is a widely prescribed variant used to treat many types of infections.

Understanding these medical terms, classifications, and their applications is critical for healthcare professionals and students in the field of medicine.
Proper knowledge of hormonal functions and urological conditions can assist in patient diagnosis and treatment planning.
Familiarity with antibiotic classifications aids in identifying appropriate treatment options for bacterial infections.