Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of fungal cell walls?
Which of the following is NOT a component of fungal cell walls?
- Ergosterol (correct)
- Mannoproteins
- Glucan
- Chitin
Which of the following is a characteristic of yeast fungi?
Which of the following is a characteristic of yeast fungi?
- They are region-specific
- They can be mold or yeast (correct)
- They are multicellular
- They contain chitin in their cell walls
Which of the following types of fungal infections primarily affect the skin and soft tissues?
Which of the following types of fungal infections primarily affect the skin and soft tissues?
- Cryptococcus
- Candida (correct)
- Histoplasma
- Aspergillus
Which azole antifungal requires a loading dose?
Which azole antifungal requires a loading dose?
Which azole antifungal has the highest bioavailability?
Which azole antifungal has the highest bioavailability?
Which azole antifungal has activity against Candida glabrata?
Which azole antifungal has activity against Candida glabrata?
Which azole antifungal is available as an extended-release oral suspension?
Which azole antifungal is available as an extended-release oral suspension?
Which of the following is the best protection against influenza?
Which of the following is the best protection against influenza?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for increased complications from influenza?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for increased complications from influenza?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an influenza antiviral?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an influenza antiviral?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Zanamivir?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Zanamivir?
Which of the following is a risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?
Which of the following is a risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?
What is the mortality rate like for children under 2 years with RSV infection?
What is the mortality rate like for children under 2 years with RSV infection?
What is the mechanism of action of palivizumab?
What is the mechanism of action of palivizumab?
Which of the following antifungal agents is primarily administered intravenously and can cause nephrotoxicity?
Which of the following antifungal agents is primarily administered intravenously and can cause nephrotoxicity?
Which antifungal agent is associated with minimal systemic absorption and is commonly used topically?
Which antifungal agent is associated with minimal systemic absorption and is commonly used topically?
Which of the following antifungal agents is a pro-drug and is renally excreted?
Which of the following antifungal agents is a pro-drug and is renally excreted?
Which second generation triazole antifungal agent has a broad spectrum of activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.?
Which second generation triazole antifungal agent has a broad spectrum of activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.?
Which antifungal agent is indicated for the treatment of ringworm infections of the hair, skin, and nails?
Which antifungal agent is indicated for the treatment of ringworm infections of the hair, skin, and nails?
Which antifungal agent inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase to decrease sterol formation?
Which antifungal agent inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase to decrease sterol formation?
Which investigational agent targets the Gwt1 fungal enzyme and blocks the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis pathway?
Which investigational agent targets the Gwt1 fungal enzyme and blocks the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis pathway?
Which investigational agent is an oral dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme inhibitor that blocks pyrimidine synthesis?
Which investigational agent is an oral dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme inhibitor that blocks pyrimidine synthesis?
Which drug is indicated for the treatment of COVID-19 by inhibiting viral replication through binding to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
Which drug is indicated for the treatment of COVID-19 by inhibiting viral replication through binding to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
Which drug is a corticosteroid used for the treatment of COVID-19, with multiple mechanisms of action including inhibition of viral protease and promotion of anti-inflammatory genes?
Which drug is a corticosteroid used for the treatment of COVID-19, with multiple mechanisms of action including inhibition of viral protease and promotion of anti-inflammatory genes?
Which drug is an investigational agent being studied for the treatment of COVID-19 by inhibiting the 3CLpro protease?
Which drug is an investigational agent being studied for the treatment of COVID-19 by inhibiting the 3CLpro protease?
Which drug is an investigational agent used for the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases, administered within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
Which drug is an investigational agent used for the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases, administered within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
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Study Notes
COVID-19 Treatment and Prophylaxis Options
- Baloxavir is an antiviral drug used for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza, but not recommended for COVID-19.
- Remdesivir is an adenosine analog that inhibits viral replication by binding to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and is indicated for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that has multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibition of viral protease and promotion of anti-inflammatory genes. It is used for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Tocilizumab is a JAK-1 inhibitor that targets IL-6 receptors and is used to treat cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 cases.
- Baricitinib is another JAK-1 inhibitor that inhibits viral entry and modulates immune cell function. It is used for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Paxlovid is a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, which are protease inhibitors. It is used for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Molnupiravir interferes with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and inhibits viral replication. It is used for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Monoclonal antibodies are used to prevent the attachment, fusion, and replication of the virus. They are mainly used for mild-moderate cases of COVID-19.
- Shionogi Protease Inhibitor (S-217622) is an investigational agent that inhibits the 3CLpro protease. It is being studied for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Vilobelimab is an investigational agent used for the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases, administered within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
- Ribavirin, interferon beta-1b, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin D, and ivermectin are not recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.
- Pfizer-BioNTech is a COVID-19 vaccine that requires a bivalent booster and is administered in a specific dosage.
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