Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the context of the study, what primary issue does the number of motorcycles in a city directly relate to?
In the context of the study, what primary issue does the number of motorcycles in a city directly relate to?
- The city's compliance status with international emissions standards.
- Availability of financing options for vehicle purchases.
- Potential travel and congestion impacts, as well as safety concerns. (correct)
- The city's ability to generate revenue from vehicle registrations.
What distinguishes motorcycle e-hailing services from micromobility services like bicycle-share programs?
What distinguishes motorcycle e-hailing services from micromobility services like bicycle-share programs?
- E-hailing services are typically more affordable for longer distances.
- E-hailing services are typically subsidized by the government, while micromobility services are not.
- Micromobility services involve a driver who carries a passenger.
- E-hailing uses a motorcycle driven by a driver for fare-earning transport. (correct)
What factor contributes most to Dhaka having comparatively low motorcycle ownership compared to other South-East Asian megacities?
What factor contributes most to Dhaka having comparatively low motorcycle ownership compared to other South-East Asian megacities?
- A preference for public transportation options.
- Stringent traffic laws and regulations.
- High import duties, taxes, and registration fees on motorcycles. (correct)
- Geographic limitations that hinder motorcycle use.
How did changes to duty on imported motorcycles, parts, and VAT structure affect the motorcycle market in Bangladesh?
How did changes to duty on imported motorcycles, parts, and VAT structure affect the motorcycle market in Bangladesh?
What is a key challenge when analyzing the impact of disruptions like the introduction of e-hailing services using time-series data?
What is a key challenge when analyzing the impact of disruptions like the introduction of e-hailing services using time-series data?
How can a dummy variable be used in segmented regression to analyze the effects of a disruption such as e-hailing introduction?
How can a dummy variable be used in segmented regression to analyze the effects of a disruption such as e-hailing introduction?
Besides motorcycle e-hailing, what other concurrent trend could the 2015 policy changes dummy, P15, be partially capturing the effects of?
Besides motorcycle e-hailing, what other concurrent trend could the 2015 policy changes dummy, P15, be partially capturing the effects of?
What is the primary rationale for using a differenced version of the regression equation when analyzing motorcycle ownership?
What is the primary rationale for using a differenced version of the regression equation when analyzing motorcycle ownership?
What key insight was derived from the counterfactual analysis using data from the rest of Bangladesh?
What key insight was derived from the counterfactual analysis using data from the rest of Bangladesh?
What was the calculated impact of motorcycles on the roadways of Dhaka as a result of Motorcycle e-hailing services?
What was the calculated impact of motorcycles on the roadways of Dhaka as a result of Motorcycle e-hailing services?
What potential long-term impact might motorcycle e-hailing services have on passengers?
What potential long-term impact might motorcycle e-hailing services have on passengers?
What is the main reason for the increase of inexperienced drivers of motorcycles on Dhaka after the introduction of e-hailing apps?
What is the main reason for the increase of inexperienced drivers of motorcycles on Dhaka after the introduction of e-hailing apps?
Apart from increased numbers of motorcycles is there another possible outcome for the roads of Dhaka that stems from the influx of e-hailing services?
Apart from increased numbers of motorcycles is there another possible outcome for the roads of Dhaka that stems from the influx of e-hailing services?
CO2 emmissions for which vehicles are significantly higher compared to motorcycles?
CO2 emmissions for which vehicles are significantly higher compared to motorcycles?
What steps are TNCs taking to standardize and improve safety among the Motorcycle taxi drivers?
What steps are TNCs taking to standardize and improve safety among the Motorcycle taxi drivers?
Flashcards
E-hailing or Ridesourcing
E-hailing or Ridesourcing
A major innovation in the transport sector in the past decade that has rapidly disrupted how we travel, especially in urban areas connects available car or taxi drivers and potential passengers in real time.
Motorcycle Taxis
Motorcycle Taxis
A popular form of low-cost paratransit in many South-East Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries involving only one passenger, motorcycle taxis are convenient and can be cheaper than using regular taxis.
Monitoring Vehicle Ownership
Monitoring Vehicle Ownership
Using real vehicle registration data to observe if e-hailing services reduced private vehicles ownership.
Intervention Analysis
Intervention Analysis
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Policy Changes in 2015 (Bangladesh)
Policy Changes in 2015 (Bangladesh)
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Segmented Multiple Regression
Segmented Multiple Regression
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Impact of Motorcycle e-hailing Services
Impact of Motorcycle e-hailing Services
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App-based motorcycle e-hailing
App-based motorcycle e-hailing
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Study Notes
- Since January 2020, Elsevier created a COVID-19 resource center with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19.
- The COVID-19 resource center is available on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website.
- Elsevier grants permission to make all COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource center available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, like the WHO COVID database.
- These uses are granted for unrestricted research with acknowledgment of the original source and permission is granted by Elsevier for free as long as the COVID-19 resource center remains active.
E-Ridehailing Effects On Motorcycle Ownership
- The effects of App-based e-hailing or ridesourcing services on transport metrics is an area of research.
- Studies mainly focus on car-based services.
- Motorcycle-based passenger e-hailing services have become popular in developing and emerging countries in recent years.
- Research investigates the effects of motorcycle-hailing apps in Dhaka, Bangladesh on the size of its motorcycle fleet.
- Segmented multiple regression on timeseries data determine a increase statistically significant in motorcycle ownership in Dhaka as a result of motorcycle-hailing services, further supported by a interventions analysis.
- By 2018, Dhaka had 7.45% more motorcycles than if app-based e-hailing services were not available.
- Potential implications of motorcycle increases and research directions are concluded.
Introduction to E-Hailing
- E-hailing or ridesourcing services disrupted how we travel in urban areas.
- Transport Network Companies (TNCs) provide these services using an online, information tech, and smartphone based platform.
- This platform connects available car or taxi drivers and potential passengers in real time for an efficient quick transparent procurement of passenger ride service.
- Uber, Lyft, Bolt, Ola, Didi-Chuxing, Grab or Careem made this popular within a short time.
- The services are available in most major cities, excluding where it does not comply with city regulations.
- Research explores the effects of e-hailing services on traffic or travel outcomes.
- Mixed evidence exists on various outcomes.
- Some suggest e-hailing services shift trips from private cars to transits and reduce congestion through connections (Li et al., 2017).
- Others suggest these services have increased traffic and congestion, especially through empty-running and modal shift (Henao and Marshall 2019, Erhardt et al. 2019).
- Since the introduction of TNC services demand for airport parking has decreased.
- There has been a slight reduction in serious road accident injuries, but not traffic fatalities.
- Vehicle ownership is an important metric to measure impacts.
- Vehicle numbers can act as proxy for increased vehicle miles travelled and congestion.
Motorcycle Taxis
- Motorcycle taxis are popular/low cost in South-East Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries.
- 'Win motor-sai's exist in Bangkok, Thailand.
- 'Ojek's exist in Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 'Okada's exist in Lagos, Nigeria.
- 'Boda-boda's exist in Kampala, Uganda and Dar-Es-Salam, Tanzania.
- 'Moto's exist in Phnom Penh, Vietnam and Kigali, Rwanda.
- In Sub-Saharan Africa, motorcycles/motorcycle taxis could comprise up to 75% of low volume rural roads (Transaid, 2017).
- Motorcycle taxis are convenient and cheaper than taxis or other paratransits for short distances/owning vehicle (Ehebrecht et al., 2018).
- In megacities like Bangkok, Jakarta and Lagos, motorcycle taxis are popular to weave/ fit in traffic/small alleys.
- Olvera et al, 2016 report 104 Sub-Saharan Africa cities (out of sampled 203 cities, population larger +100,000) have motorcycle taxis.
- Motorcycle taxis offer a flexible, door to door service without org transport services(Phun et al. 2019).
- Motorcycle taxis fill a gap in most operating areas (Cervero and Golub 2007).
- ~200,000 Bangkok motorcycles taxi served ~4-6 Million trips daily in 2013 (Sopranzetti 2014).
- Currently estimates suggest up to ~300,000 (Ratanawaraha and Chalermpong 2015).
- Similar numbers occur in Kampala Uganda (Ssenkaaba 2013).
- ~8 Million Okada drivers exist in Nigeria (Akwagyiram, 2019).
- Around a Million Drivers in Kenya (Mingmei 2019).
- Tanzania +800,000 Motorcycle Taxis Bishop/Amos 2015.
- Taxis are an informal mode of transport.
- Some regulations will exist on license/operations/jurisdiction etc.
- Motorcycle accidents occur more compared to other road vehicles.
- Motorcycle riders have most vulnerable injuries and fatalities if there are accidents.
TNCs in Developed vs. Developing Economies
- Enabled by smart-phones, the car-based on-demand ridesourcing services offered by the TNCs in the developed and emerging economies inspired motorcycle taxis also embraced this technology in several countries.
- Safebodas in Kampala, Uganda, 2014.Go-Jek in Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Safemotos (now CanGo) in Kigali, Rwanda 2015 were start-ups providing app-based taxi services (Okunola 2018, Porter 2016).
- Grab in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2014 was early to include motorcycles.
- Ola and Uber followed suit 2016 in Indian Cities.
- Motorcycle hailing apps are very popular for emerging nations.
- Motorcycle-based and ridesourcing services are the same.
- Motorcycle taxis are the driver carrying passenger for fare. The provision services of motorcycle included courier for parcels.
Motorcycles and e-hailing services
- Motorcycle e-hailing stated operation May 2016 SAM in capital Dhaka: Share-A-Motorcycle (SAM).
- Pathao (meaning 'send') evolved from provide motorcycle-based parcel delivery services to provide rides, with its launch late 2016.
- Uber launched car ride sourcing services in 2016 Dhaka, UberMoto started November 2017.
- Shohoz and OBhai Dhaka other popular app-based motorcycle hailing services. Pathao operation expanded to Chittagong/Sylhet Oct/Dec 2017: UberMoto in 2018.
- Bangladesh=Uber's largest Uber Moto marketplace (Chakravarty 2018).
- 200,000 rides hailing per day on motorcycles, while 50,000 car ridesourcing per day by (Tarek and Amit 2019).
- Business models/service provisions vary.
- TNCs provide motorcycle e-hailing, car-based ridesourcing, motorcycle-based parcel/bicycle food delivery.
- Where drivers never own cars for cab rides, motorcycle e-hailing drivers own (Shams et al., 2018).
- Drivers often drive part-time based on ridesourcing model.
- Popular motorcycle e-hailing implies there is not as much depth to the drivers: safety, travel behavior, miles travelled, motorcycle population.
Motorcycles and Vehicles in Dhaka
- Dhaka in Bangladesh has 20 people million.
- Most congested cities globally.
- Average speed of traffic dropped from 21 kmph to 7kmph in 10yr (Fan and Rama 2017)
- Motorcycle ownership (Dhaka and Bangladesh) is low.
- India/Karachi/Delhi have recorded motorcycles registered.
- In Dhaka motorcycles exceed half a million in 2017.
- Bangladesh Motorcycle: total and ownership.
Motorcycle statistics
- Despite low motorcycle compared, two-wheelers accounts motorized vehicles in Dhaka/Bangladesh.
- Two-wheeler market in Bangladesh is imported motorcycle/scooter.
- No domestic industries/assemblers for motorcycles began until 2000.
- 2001 assembly plant started: domestic business
- 2007 Runner-Motorcycles began Bangladeshi: small scale
- Mizutani 2016 displays that motorcycle in Bangladesh is compared 2.3 times India.
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