Chemistry of Life

Which level in the biological organization hierarchy represents an increase in organizational complexity?

What is primarily composed of atoms and molecules?

What represents a higher level of organization than tissues and organs?

What is the basic unit of cells?

Which level in the hierarchy extends beyond the individual organism?

What is the highest level of biological organization in the hierarchy?

What is the mass of a neutron in one atomic mass unit (amu)?

How many electrons are located in the innermost shell of an atom?

What is the term for atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?

What is the physical half-life of a radioisotope?

What type of radiation do radioisotopes lose in the form of high energy particles?

Why are radioisotopes used in medical imaging procedures?

What is the charge of an ion that has lost an electron and satisfies the octet rule?

How many covalent bonds can nitrogen form?

What type of bond occurs when two hydrogen atoms share a single pair of electrons?

Which type of molecule contains both polar and nonpolar regions?

What determines how electrons are shared in covalent bonds?

In a nonpolar molecule, what type of bonds does it contain?

Which atom has the greatest electronegativity among the 4 most common elements composing living organisms?

What is the simplest type of covalent bond called?

What type of bond forms between polar molecules?

What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?

What is the term for the attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water?

What property of water contributes to keeping body temperature constant?

What is the term for the heat required for the release of molecules from a liquid phase into a gaseous phase for 1 gram of a substance?

Which type of substances are referred to as hydrophilic?

What is the term for substances that do not dissolve in water?

What happens when water spontaneously dissociates to form ions?

What does an acid do when added to water?

What does a base do when added to a solution?

What term is used for molecules with polar and nonpolar regions?

What are substances that remain intact but do not conduct current when dissolved in water?

What is the pH range for plain water?

What happens to the pH as the concentration of H+ ions increases?

What is the primary function of buffers in the body?

What is the characteristic of a suspension?

Which category of mixture has particles smaller than those in a suspension but larger than those in a solution?

What does molarity express?

What do osmolarity and osmolality measure?

What is the unit of measurement for the number of particles in a solution?

Which molecule is central in the transfer of chemical energy within a cell?

What occurs when water and carbon dioxide combine?

What happens if there is an excess of H+ ions or OH- ions in the body?

What happens to molarity with changes in temperature?

Which level in the biological organization hierarchy is primarily composed of cells?

What is the highest level of biological organization in the hierarchy?

At which level in the hierarchy do macromolecules exist?

Which category of matter includes blood?

What represents an increase in organizational complexity beyond tissues and organs?

At which level in the hierarchy do atoms and molecules exist?

How many electrons does oxygen need to complete its outer shell?

What type of covalent bond forms when two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons?

Which atom forms four covalent bonds?

What is the term for large molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions?

What determines how electrons are shared in covalent bonds?

Which type of covalent bond involves the sharing of one pair of electrons?

What is the characteristic of nonpolar molecules?

What type of bond occurs between two oxygen atoms when they share two pairs of electrons?

What is the term for weak chemical attractions between molecules that are important for the shape of complex molecules?

In a periodic table, what increases from left to right across a row?

What is the term for large molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions?

Which type of bond occurs when carbon atoms bond with hydrogen atoms?

What is the pH range for plain water?

How does the pH change as the concentration of H+ ions increases?

What is the unit of measurement for the number of particles in a solution?

What does molarity express?

What determines how electrons are shared in covalent bonds?

What happens if there is an excess of H+ ions or OH- ions in the body?

What represents a higher level of organization than tissues and organs?

What is primarily composed of atoms and molecules?

What occurs when water and carbon dioxide combine?

What do osmolarity and osmolality measure?

What property of water contributes to keeping body temperature constant?

What type of bond forms between polar molecules?

What type of bond forms between polar molecules?

What term is used for molecules with polar and nonpolar regions?

What property of water contributes to keeping body temperature constant?

What is the term for the attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water?

What represents the phases of water depending on temperature?

Which type of substances are referred to as hydrophilic?

What is the term for substances that do not dissolve in water?

Which level in the hierarchy extends beyond the individual organism?

What type of bond occurs when two hydrogen atoms share a single pair of electrons?

What property of water causes the inward pulling of cohesive forces at the surface of water?

What component prevents the collapse of moist sacs of air in the lungs?

What is the unit of measurement for the number of particles in a solution?

What represents the number of protons in an atom of an element?

What are isotopes of an element differentiated by?

What do radioisotopes contain in excess, making them unstable?

What is the physical half-life of a radioisotope?

Which ion is used in some states for lethal injection?

What charge does an anion have?

What type of bond forms between sodium and chlorine in table salt (NaCl)?

What term is used for the attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water?

What do covalently bonded molecules involve?

What does the structural formula of a molecule indicate?

What type of elements do molecular compounds involve?

What is the term for the weak chemical attractions between molecules that are important for the shape of complex molecules?

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

What type of bond occurs between two nitrogen atoms when they share three pairs of electrons?

What is the term for molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions?

What determines how electrons are shared in covalent bonds?

Which type of covalent bond involves the sharing of one pair of electrons?

Which level in the hierarchy represents an increase in organizational complexity?

What is the term for the highest level of biological organization in the hierarchy?

What represents a higher level of organization than organs?

At which level in the hierarchy do atoms and molecules exist?

What is the term for the attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water?

What occurs when water spontaneously dissociates to form ions?

What is the mass of a neutron in one atomic mass unit (amu)?

What is the charge of an ion that has lost an electron and satisfies the octet rule?

Which type of substances are referred to as hydrophilic?

What occurs when water spontaneously dissociates to form ions?

What is the physical half-life of a radioisotope?

What is the characteristic of a suspension?

What happens to the pH as the concentration of H+ ions increases?

What happens if there is an excess of H+ ions or OH- ions in the body?

What type of bond forms between polar molecules?

What is the term for nonpolar molecules placed in a polar substance?

What constitutes two-thirds of the human body by weight?

What is the measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance?

Which substances dissolve in water are called 'universal solvents'?

What occurs when water spontaneously dissociates to form ions?

What is the term for a substance that donates protons when dissolved in water?

What represents a higher level of organization than tissues and organs?

What type of bond occurs when two hydrogen atoms share a single pair of electrons?

What term is used for weak chemical attractions between molecules that are important for the shape of complex molecules?

What represents a higher level of organization than tissues and organs?

What does the structural formula of a molecule indicate?

What is the pH range for plain water?

What category of mixture has particles smaller than those in a suspension but larger than those in a solution?

What represents a 10-fold change in H+ concentration on the pH scale?

What is the unit of measurement for the number of particles in a solution?

What is the primary function of buffers in the body?

What type of bond forms when two hydrogen atoms share a single pair of electrons?

What occurs when water and carbon dioxide combine?

What is the term for molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions?