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Questions and Answers
What is electronegativity?
What is electronegativity?
- The ability to repel electrons from another atom
- The ability to neutralize the charge of another atom
- The ability to pull electrons from another atom and hold them tightly (correct)
- The ability to push electrons into another atom and release them quickly
Which element has the least electronegativity according to Pauling's scale?
Which element has the least electronegativity according to Pauling's scale?
- Carbon
- Francium (correct)
- Oxygen
- Fluorine
What does the large electronegativity value for fluorine predict?
What does the large electronegativity value for fluorine predict?
- Fluorine will repel electrons from other atoms
- Fluorine will efficiently attract and hold electrons (correct)
- Fluorine will not be able to attract or hold electrons effectively
- Fluorine will have a neutral charge
Which compounds are created by bonding involving a sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms?
Which compounds are created by bonding involving a sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms?
What type of bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms?
What type of bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms?
What are the electronegativities of the 'BIG 6' elements?
What are the electronegativities of the 'BIG 6' elements?
Why do long chain fatty acids found in oils and fats not mix with the watery environment of the cell?
Why do long chain fatty acids found in oils and fats not mix with the watery environment of the cell?
What type of bond joins amino acids together in proteins?
What type of bond joins amino acids together in proteins?
Why are drugs with N-H or O-H bonds very soluble and effective?
Why are drugs with N-H or O-H bonds very soluble and effective?
What do the electronegativity differences between carbon and nitrogen, and between nitrogen and hydrogen, make the amide group?
What do the electronegativity differences between carbon and nitrogen, and between nitrogen and hydrogen, make the amide group?
What electronegativity difference range indicates nonpolar bonds?
What electronegativity difference range indicates nonpolar bonds?
What causes changes in electronegativity?
What causes changes in electronegativity?
What happens to electronegativity values as you move down a group?
What happens to electronegativity values as you move down a group?
What is the electronegativity value of noble gases?
What is the electronegativity value of noble gases?
What do electronegativity values greater than 104 indicate?
What do electronegativity values greater than 104 indicate?
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonding and Electronegativity
- Covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar depending on how electrons are shared
- Electronegativity difference (ΔEN) quantitatively determines bond polarity
- Table 1 shows electronegativity values and ΔEN calculations for different covalent bonds
- Electronegativity difference of 0 to less than 0.5 indicates nonpolar bonds, while greater than 0.5 to ~1.7 indicates polar bonds
- Electronegativity trends are visible on the periodic table and in corresponding graphs
- Nonmetals on the right have higher electronegativities than metals on the left
- Electronegativity values increase across a period and decrease down a group
- Changes in electronegativity can be explained by considering nuclear charge, electron distribution, and nuclear shielding
- As the number of electron shells increases, the degree of nuclear shielding also increases
- Moving down a group results in the gain of electrons occupying energy shells farther away from the nucleus
- Noble gases have electronegativity values of 0.0 due to full outer electron shells
- Elements with atomic numbers greater than 104 have electronegativity values of 0.0 due to their radioactive nature
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