Counterarguments to the Cosmological Argument and Critique of the Fallacy of Composition

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Questions and Answers

What is the fallacy of composition, as mentioned in the text?

  • Inferring that a property of a part must apply to the whole (correct)
  • Believing that all things are necessary beings
  • Jumping to conclusions without any evidence
  • Stating that contingent things can bring themselves into existence

According to Hume, what is the issue with the cosmological argument?

  • It commits the fallacy of composition (correct)
  • It presupposes that everything in the universe is necessary
  • It jumps to conclusions without evidence
  • It relies on the fallacy of division

What does Martin Luther King's quote 'Faith is the first step without seeing the FULL staircase' imply?

  • One must take a leap of faith when evidence is lacking (correct)
  • Faith is only needed when there is concrete evidence
  • Evidence is necessary for faith
  • Complete knowledge is essential before having faith

How does Hume argue against the cosmological argument?

<p>By stating that there must be a necessary being on which contingent things depend (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Aquinas believe would necessitate the existence of a necessary being?

<p>The existence of contingent beings requiring a necessary being for their existence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Mackie, what is his objection to the concept of a necessary being?

<p>Mackie believes all beings are contingent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Aquinas differentiate between contingent and necessary beings?

<p>'Contingent beings depend on each other, while necessary beings are self-sufficient' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Leap of faith' in religious contexts refers to:

<p>'Believing in something despite a lack of complete proof' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Epistemic distance' refers to:

<p>'The inability to comprehend complex philosophical concepts' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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