Counterarguments to the Cosmological Argument and Critique of the Fallacy of Composition
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What is the fallacy of composition, as mentioned in the text?

  • Inferring that a property of a part must apply to the whole (correct)
  • Believing that all things are necessary beings
  • Jumping to conclusions without any evidence
  • Stating that contingent things can bring themselves into existence

    • According to Hume, what is the issue with the cosmological argument?

  • It commits the fallacy of composition (correct)
  • It presupposes that everything in the universe is necessary
  • It jumps to conclusions without evidence
  • It relies on the fallacy of division

    • What does Martin Luther King's quote 'Faith is the first step without seeing the FULL staircase' imply?

  • One must take a leap of faith when evidence is lacking (correct)
  • Faith is only needed when there is concrete evidence
  • Evidence is necessary for faith
  • Complete knowledge is essential before having faith

    • How does Hume argue against the cosmological argument?

    <p>By stating that there must be a necessary being on which contingent things depend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aquinas believe would necessitate the existence of a necessary being?

    <p>The existence of contingent beings requiring a necessary being for their existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mackie, what is his objection to the concept of a necessary being?

    <p>Mackie believes all beings are contingent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aquinas differentiate between contingent and necessary beings?

    <p>'Contingent beings depend on each other, while necessary beings are self-sufficient'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Leap of faith' in religious contexts refers to:

    <p>'Believing in something despite a lack of complete proof'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Epistemic distance' refers to:

    <p>'The inability to comprehend complex philosophical concepts'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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