Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why are pregnant women at high risk of Listeria infection?
Why are pregnant women at high risk of Listeria infection?
- Their cell-mediated immunity increases during the third trimester.
- Their cell-mediated immunity decreases during the third trimester. (correct)
- They are more likely to be exposed to contaminated water sources.
- They are more likely to consume unpasteurized dairy products.
Diphtheria antitoxin can reverse damage already done to tissues by the diphtheria toxin.
Diphtheria antitoxin can reverse damage already done to tissues by the diphtheria toxin.
False (B)
Besides pregnant women, name the third at-risk group highly susceptible to Listeria infections.
Besides pregnant women, name the third at-risk group highly susceptible to Listeria infections.
neonates
In cases of suspected diphtheria, treatment should proceed rapidly with antitoxin to neutralize circulating toxin and either penicillin or erythromycin to prevent further ______ release.
In cases of suspected diphtheria, treatment should proceed rapidly with antitoxin to neutralize circulating toxin and either penicillin or erythromycin to prevent further ______ release.
What is a common outcome for neonates infected with Listeria?
What is a common outcome for neonates infected with Listeria?
A pediatric patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and a thick, dark exudate on their pharynx. Which organism is most likely the cause?
A pediatric patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and a thick, dark exudate on their pharynx. Which organism is most likely the cause?
Listeria monocytogenes is a spore-forming bacterium.
Listeria monocytogenes is a spore-forming bacterium.
What motility characteristic is exhibited by Listeria monocytogenes when grown at 25°C?
What motility characteristic is exhibited by Listeria monocytogenes when grown at 25°C?
Listeria monocytogenes can grow at low temperatures and is often cultured at 4-10°C, a process called ______.
Listeria monocytogenes can grow at low temperatures and is often cultured at 4-10°C, a process called ______.
Listeria monocytogenes, when isolated in blood, is often mistaken for what type of organism?
Listeria monocytogenes, when isolated in blood, is often mistaken for what type of organism?
What is the primary mechanism by which Corynebacterium diphtheriae exotoxin damages heart and neural cells?
What is the primary mechanism by which Corynebacterium diphtheriae exotoxin damages heart and neural cells?
Gram stain of a specimen from the pseudomembrane of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is always a reliable and rapid diagnostic tool.
Gram stain of a specimen from the pseudomembrane of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is always a reliable and rapid diagnostic tool.
What is the main virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that enables its intracellular survival?
What is the main virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that enables its intracellular survival?
The pseudomembrane formed in diphtheria is composed of fibrin, leukocytes, necrotic epithelial cells, and ________.
The pseudomembrane formed in diphtheria is composed of fibrin, leukocytes, necrotic epithelial cells, and ________.
Why is it strongly advised against scraping off the pseudomembrane in a diphtheria infection?
Why is it strongly advised against scraping off the pseudomembrane in a diphtheria infection?
In a pediatric emergency scenario, a child presents with a severe sore throat, fever, and a dark, thick inflammatory exudate on their pharynx reminiscent of diphtheria. Which characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes could initially mislead lab technicians, potentially delaying accurate diagnosis?
In a pediatric emergency scenario, a child presents with a severe sore throat, fever, and a dark, thick inflammatory exudate on their pharynx reminiscent of diphtheria. Which characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes could initially mislead lab technicians, potentially delaying accurate diagnosis?
The cold enrichment technique for isolating Listeria monocytogenes relies on its inability to grow at low temperatures.
The cold enrichment technique for isolating Listeria monocytogenes relies on its inability to grow at low temperatures.
What crucial motility characteristic does Listeria monocytogenes exhibit when cultured at 25 °C that aids in its identification?
What crucial motility characteristic does Listeria monocytogenes exhibit when cultured at 25 °C that aids in its identification?
The inflammatory exudate on a child's pharynx caused by Corynebacterium appears ______ and thicker compared to streptococcal pharyngitis.
The inflammatory exudate on a child's pharynx caused by Corynebacterium appears ______ and thicker compared to streptococcal pharyngitis.
Which of the following statements about gram-positive rods in pediatric infections is the MOST accurate?
Which of the following statements about gram-positive rods in pediatric infections is the MOST accurate?
Which of the following physiological conditions in high-risk groups primarily contributes to the flourishing of Listeria monocytogenes and subsequent infection of the meninges?
Which of the following physiological conditions in high-risk groups primarily contributes to the flourishing of Listeria monocytogenes and subsequent infection of the meninges?
Listeria monocytogenes infections during pregnancy invariably lead to severe meningitis in all affected women.
Listeria monocytogenes infections during pregnancy invariably lead to severe meningitis in all affected women.
Name two antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes infections.
Name two antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes infections.
Bacteria sharing morphological features with Corynebacterium diphtheriae are collectively referred to as either Coryneform bacteria or __________.
Bacteria sharing morphological features with Corynebacterium diphtheriae are collectively referred to as either Coryneform bacteria or __________.
Match the following Coryneform bacteria with the type of infections they are commonly associated with:
Match the following Coryneform bacteria with the type of infections they are commonly associated with:
What immunological effect does pregnancy have that increases the risk of Listeria monocytogenes infection?
What immunological effect does pregnancy have that increases the risk of Listeria monocytogenes infection?
Coryneform bacteria are exclusively pathogenic and never found as normal flora on human skin.
Coryneform bacteria are exclusively pathogenic and never found as normal flora on human skin.
Besides Listeria monocytogenes, which of the following bacteria is NOT commonly associated with causing infections related to implanted medical devices in hospitalized patients?
Besides Listeria monocytogenes, which of the following bacteria is NOT commonly associated with causing infections related to implanted medical devices in hospitalized patients?
The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to infect the meninges in neonates is primarily attributed to the immaturity of their _______ cells.
The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to infect the meninges in neonates is primarily attributed to the immaturity of their _______ cells.
Name three environments where Coryneform bacteria are commonly found.
Name three environments where Coryneform bacteria are commonly found.
Flashcards
Pseudomembrane
Pseudomembrane
A membrane made of fibrin, leukocytes, dead cells, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Diphtheria Exotoxin
Diphtheria Exotoxin
It damages heart and nerve cells by stopping protein synthesis.
Listeriolysin O
Listeriolysin O
Allows it to escape phagolysosomes of macrophages and avoid intracellular killing.
Diphtheria Diagnosis
Diphtheria Diagnosis
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Gram Stain Diphtheria
Gram Stain Diphtheria
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Corynebacterium & Listeria
Corynebacterium & Listeria
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Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes
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Pharyngeal Presentation of Corynebacterium
Pharyngeal Presentation of Corynebacterium
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Cold-Enrichment
Cold-Enrichment
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Listeria Motility
Listeria Motility
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Listeriosis Risks
Listeriosis Risks
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Listeria in Pregnancy
Listeria in Pregnancy
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Listeria Symptoms in Pregnant Women
Listeria Symptoms in Pregnant Women
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Fetal Listeria Effects
Fetal Listeria Effects
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Listeria Transmission
Listeria Transmission
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Listeria Identification
Listeria Identification
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Corynebacterium Colonization
Corynebacterium Colonization
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Listeria & Cold Temperatures
Listeria & Cold Temperatures
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Listeria Lab Confusion
Listeria Lab Confusion
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Listeria & Immune Status
Listeria & Immune Status
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Listeria in Pregnant Women
Listeria in Pregnant Women
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Listeria Treatment
Listeria Treatment
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Coryneform Bacteria
Coryneform Bacteria
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Coryneform Genera
Coryneform Genera
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Coryneform Habitats
Coryneform Habitats
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Coryneform Infections
Coryneform Infections
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Common Nosocomial Corynebacterium
Common Nosocomial Corynebacterium
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Nosocomial Corynebacterium Pathogens
Nosocomial Corynebacterium Pathogens
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Study Notes
Corynebacterium
- Immediately send the throat and nasopharynx swabs for culture.
- However, culture results aren't immediate.
Listeria Monocytogenes
- Causes ~20% of all neonatal meningitis since the advent of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination.
Listeriosis High Risk Groups
- Pregnant women should avoid soft cheeses and cold cuts because Listeria is acquired from contaminated foods.
- Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Group B Streptococcus are three bacteria responsible for most meningitis acquired by the baby coming out of the birth canal (within first 3 months of age).
- Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilus influenzae cause meningitis later in life, after the maternal antibodies passively given to fetus wane and before new antibodies develop.
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Description
This lesson covers Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a bacterium that colonizes the pharynx and releases a potent exotoxin. Diagnosis involves culturing swabs on specific media like potassium tellurite agar. Treatment includes antitoxins, antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin, and the DPT vaccine.
