Corynebacterium and Diphtheria Quiz

<p>Club-shaped rods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agents of opportunistic infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediates attachment of the toxin to host cell receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor-2 (EF-2). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cells contain metachromatic granules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transduction by a temperate bacteriophage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with a pre-existing skin lesion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysogeny introduces the toxin-encoding gene into the bacterial chromosome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elongation Factor 2 (EF-2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antitoxin neutralizes toxin before it irreversibly binds to cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stop the growth of the organism, decrease toxin production, and reduce the incidence of chronic carriers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To confirm toxin production by <em>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</em> strains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the antiserum is made in horses, and patients must be tested for hypersensitivity to avoid anaphylaxis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivated diphtheria toxin treated with formaldehyde. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of many tapered, pleomorphic Gram-positive rods and metachromatic granules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By treating the exotoxin with formaldehyde to inactivate the toxic effect while maintaining antigenicity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical removal of the pseudomembrane in the throat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the disease but does not prevent nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prompt administration of diphtheria antitoxin, along with a 14-day course of antibiotics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interfering with the toxin's ability to bind to cell receptors, preventing cell entry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delaying treatment until lab results are available may result in irreversible damage from the toxin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observing the inflammatory response at the injection site of a standardized diphtheria toxin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a pseudomembrane in the respiratory tract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralysis of the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tellurite Blood Agar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic symptoms are rare in cutaneous diphtheria, but potentially severe in respiratory diphtheria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocarditis accompanied by arrhythmias. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Gram-positive rod bacteria that causes diphtheria.

A serious infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, affecting the throat and respiratory system.

Infections caused by organisms that exploit a weakened immune system.

Bacteria with similar morphology to Corynebacterium spp., often seen as diphtheroids.

Bacteria that retain the violet stain in a Gram stain procedure, characterized by rod shape.

A tough, adherent, gray membrane in the throat caused by diphtheriae infection.

A test to assess immune status by injecting a purified toxin; inflammation indicates no immunity.

Includes sore throat, exudative pharyngitis, fever, and formation of a pseudomembrane.

Airway blockage caused by the extension of the diphtheria membrane into the larynx and trachea.

Inflammation of the heart leading to irregular rhythms and circulatory collapse as a diphtheria complication.

Paralysis, especially of cranial nerves, can occur, affecting swallowing and movement.

Causes ulcerating skin lesions covered by a gray membrane with rare systemic symptoms.

Involves isolating Corynebacterium diphtheriae and demonstrating toxin production using specific culture plates.

A staining technique that reveals granules in bacteria, coloring them purple-black against green cytoplasm.

An exotoxin produced by C. diphtheriae that inhibits protein synthesis by affecting elongation factor-2.

Diphtheria is transmitted through airborne droplets from asymptomatic carriers.

The process by which diphtheria develops, relying on toxin production and invasiveness.

Characteristic of C. diphtheriae, indicating that it does not move by itself.

The immune reaction of the host to the toxigenic C. diphtheriae invader.

A bacteriophage that integrates its DNA into the host bacterium, enabling exotoxin synthesis.

Rods of C. diphtheriae appear beaded due to granules of polyphosphate that stain uniquely.

Tests to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces toxins.

An immunodiffusion assay, gold standard for confirming toxin production.

Molecular test for detecting toxin gene (tox) in clinical isolates.

Immediate administration to neutralize unbound diphtheria toxin in blood.

Smears of throat swabs stained to identify bacterial morphology.

Inhibits growth, reduces toxin production, and lowers chronic carrier rates.

Additional doses of diphtheria vaccine recommended every 10 years.

In vivo test involving guinea pigs to assess toxigenicity.

Stain useful for revealing metachromatic granules in bacteria.