18 Questions
What type of memory was affected in the participants who received high levels of cortisol?
verbal declarative memory
What was the purpose of the third condition in the experiment?
To serve as a placebo group
What did the study find regarding the relationship between cortisol levels and memory?
High cortisol levels negatively affect memory
How long did the researchers wait before conducting the final test to ensure there were no long-term effects?
6 days
What does the study suggest about the role of hormones in human behavior?
Hormones, such as cortisol, can affect human behavior, including memory formation.
What can be inferred about the effect of stress on memory based on the study's results?
Stress, which increases cortisol levels, reduces one's ability to form memories.
What was the observed difference in task performance between the low cortisol levels group and the high cortisol levels group?
The low cortisol levels group performed the task better than the high cortisol levels group.
What is the primary function of pheromones in nature, and how do they achieve this?
In nature, pheromones are primarily used to signal readiness to mate or danger nearby, and they achieve this by releasing chemical substances into the environment that trigger a behavioral or physiological response in other members of the same species.
What were the two potential human pheromones investigated in the Zhou et al. (2014) study, and where are they typically found in humans?
The two potential human pheromones investigated were androstenedione (AND) and estratetraenol (EST), typically found in male semen and sweat, and female urine, respectively.
How did the researchers in the Zhou et al. (2014) study expose participants to the potential pheromones, and what task were they asked to perform?
Participants were exposed to the smell of cloves with either AND, EST, or no added pheromone, and they were asked to determine the gender of stick figures walking on a screen.
What is the controversy surrounding the role of pheromones in human behavior, and why is it a topic of ongoing research?
The controversy surrounds the lack of identified human pheromones, and ongoing research aims to investigate their potential role in influencing human behavior.
How do cortisol levels and pheromones relate to human behavior, and what is the potential impact on physiological response to stress?
Cortisol levels can impact cognitive function and performance, while pheromones may influence behavior, particularly in relation to sexual behavior. Chronically elevated cortisol levels can also impact physiological response to stress, leading to potential long-term health consequences.
What is the primary advantage of using experiments in psychology research, as seen in the study by Newcomer et al. (1999)?
To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
What is the purpose of a placebo condition in an experiment, as seen in the study by Newcomer et al. (1999)?
To prevent demand characteristics and ensure participants' beliefs do not affect the outcome.
How did the researchers in the Newcomer et al. (1999) study control for the effects of cortisol on verbal declarative memory?
By using a double-blind experiment with three conditions: 160mg cortisol, 40mg cortisol, and a placebo tablet.
What is the role of cortisol in the study by Newcomer et al. (1999)?
It is the independent variable, manipulated to observe its effect on verbal declarative memory.
Why is it important to consider the ecological validity of a study, such as the one by Newcomer et al. (1999)?
To ensure that the findings can be generalized to real-life situations.
What is the significance of the 6-day follow-up in the Newcomer et al. (1999) study?
To ensure that there were no long-term effects of the cortisol tablet.
This quiz explores the relationship between cortisol levels and verbal declarative memory. It delves into a study where participants were given high levels of cortisol to examine its impact on their memory. Test your knowledge of the experiment's design and results!
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