Cortical Fusion Defects in Renal Embryology

What is the location of the junctional parenchymal defect in the kidney?

At the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the kidney (correct)
At the renal hilum or medulla
At the junction of the lower and middle thirds of the kidney
In the polar regions of the kidney

What is the characteristic of the junctional parenchymal defect in the kidney?

Not associated with parenchymal loss (correct)
Seen more often on the left side of the kidney
Associated with parenchymal thinning
Appears as an anechoic or hypoechoic area

What is the direction of the junctional parenchymal line in the kidney?

Horizontal to the renal cortex
Oblique to the renal hilum (correct)
Parallel to the renal medulla
Perpendicular to the renal hilum

What is the difference between the junctional parenchymal defect and a parenchymal scar?

The association with parenchymal loss (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of compound calyces in the kidney?

Appear as prominent anechoic or hypoechoic areas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of compound calyces in the kidney?

In the upper and lower poles of the kidney (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible associated anomaly with prune belly syndrome?

Trisomy 18 syndrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sonographic finding in prune belly syndrome?

Thin-walled bladder (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible treatment for severely affected patients with prune belly syndrome?

Vesicostomy or primary urinary tract reconstruction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible sonographic finding in the kidney in prune belly syndrome?

Echogenic renal parenchyma with small cysts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible congenital anomaly associated with prune belly syndrome?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the urethra in prune belly syndrome?

Dilated posterior urethra (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of malignant renal tumors in children accounted for by renal cell carcinoma?

2% to 6% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range of presentation for renal cell carcinoma?

10 to 15 years (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the male to female ratio of renal cell carcinoma?

2:1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common site of metastasis for renal cell carcinoma?

Lung (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common finding on sonography of renal cell carcinoma?

A well-defined mass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for renal cell carcinoma?

Radical nephrectomy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sonographic finding of diffuse disease in nephroblastomatosis?

Hypoechoic subscapular tumors compressing the medulla (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of focal disease in nephroblastomatosis?

Hypoechoic masses that alter the renal contour (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of a subcapsular tumor in nephroblastomatosis?

It is highly suggestive of nephroblastomatosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of nephromegaly in nephroblastomatosis?

The kidneys are enlarged but maintain their reniform shape (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of isoechoic lesions in nephroblastomatosis?

They are only detected if they alter the renal contour or displace the collecting system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of nephrogenic rests?

Controversial (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases of rhabdoid tumor have calcifications?

66% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for clear cell sarcoma?

1-4 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of rhabdoid tumor that suggests the diagnosis?

Indistinct tumor margins (D) Signup and view all the answers