Corrosion in Chemical Industry: Electrochemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the main type of process involved in the corrosion of metallic materials?

  • Optical
  • Mechanical
  • Electrochemical (correct)
  • Thermal
  • In a galvanic cell, what occurs at the anode?

  • Reduction
  • Oxidation (correct)
  • Hydration
  • Evaporation
  • What are the two components required to form a galvanic cell?

  • Electrical insulators
  • Metallic alloys
  • Chemical precipitates
  • Electrodes and an electrolyte (correct)
  • How is electrochemical corrosion of metals defined?

    <p>Damaging of metal in aqueous medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an electrochemical system, what must occur between the anode and cathode?

    <p>Electron transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical process takes place at the cathode in a galvanic cell?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a half-cell with a pure metal electrode immersed in a 1M solution of its ions at 25°C called?

    <p>Reference electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Nernst equation, what does 'n' represent?

    <p>Moles of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the negative value of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) indicate?

    <p>Spontaneous reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the standard-state free energy refer to in electrochemical effects?

    <p>Ideal conditions for reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrode is commonly used as a reference electrode in electrochemical studies?

    <p>Hydrogen electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nernst equation express in relation to a cell?

    <p>Electromotive force in terms of reactants, products, and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the electric potential between two cell halves?

    <p>Electrode potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature was the potential of 0.780 V measured for a copper–iron galvanic cell?

    <p>25°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the magnitude of a voltage represent in electrochemical oxidation–reduction reactions?

    <p>The driving force for the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to rate metallic materials based on their tendency to experience oxidation when coupled to other metals in solutions of their respective ions?

    <p>Electrode potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument can be used to determine the magnitude of the electric potential between two cell halves?

    <p>Voltmeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for electrochemical oxidation–reduction reactions?

    <p>The magnitude of such a voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the reduction reaction in the electrochemical corrosion of metals?

    <p>2H+ + 2e- → H2°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the reaction in which zinc valence increases from 0 to +2, liberating electrons?

    <p>An oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electrolytic conductor in an electrochemical cell?

    <p>It provides the movement of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in an electrochemical cell is the site of oxidation?

    <p>Anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the corrosion that involves the movement of ions in the electrolytic conductor?

    <p>Electrochemical corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction represents the oxidation of zinc in the electrochemical corrosion of metals?

    <p>Zn° → Zn+2 + 2e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corrosion rate of steel when fine precipitated n-carbide and cementite occur?

    <p>The corrosion rate is accelerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does cementite merge with other particles, leading to a reduction in corrosion rate?

    <p>At tempering temperatures over 500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anode reaction in a Salt Concentration Cell?

    <p>Cu° → Cu+2 + 2e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cathode reaction in a Differential Aeration Cell?

    <p>O2 + H2O + 2e-→ 2OH-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the pipe in sandy soil to corrode more?

    <p>Differential aeration cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Differential Temperature Cells typically found?

    <p>In heat exchangers, boilers, immersion heaters, and similar equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

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