Correlational Analysis in Social Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is a major limitation of correlational analysis?

  • It is only used in laboratory settings
  • It is only used in field experiments
  • It can establish cause-and-effect relationships
  • It cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships (correct)
  • Which type of experimental design lacks a control group or random assignment?

  • Laboratory experiment
  • Quasi-experiment (correct)
  • Survey research
  • Field experiment
  • What is a potential limitation of survey research?

  • It is not used to gather information about attitudes and opinions
  • It is only used to study small populations
  • It is only used in longitudinal studies
  • It may be subject to social desirability bias (correct)
  • What type of correlation exists when as one variable increases, the other decreases?

    <p>Negative correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experimental design?

    <p>The variable being manipulated by the researcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of survey research collects data from the same participants over a period of time?

    <p>Longitudinal survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Methodology in Social Psychology

    Correlational Analysis

    • Examines the relationship between two or more variables
    • Does not imply causality, only association
    • Types of correlations:
      • Positive correlation: as one variable increases, the other also increases
      • Negative correlation: as one variable increases, the other decreases
      • No correlation: no relationship between variables
    • Uses statistical methods, such as Pearson's r, to measure the strength and direction of the correlation
    • Limitations:
      • Cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships
      • May be influenced by third variables (confounding variables)

    Experimental Design

    • Allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables
    • Involves manipulating one or more independent variables and measuring their effect on a dependent variable
    • Key components:
      • Independent variable: the variable being manipulated by the researcher
      • Dependent variable: the variable being measured in response to the independent variable
      • Control group: a group that does not receive the manipulation (used for comparison)
    • Types of experimental designs:
      • Laboratory experiments: conducted in a controlled laboratory setting
      • Field experiments: conducted in a natural, real-world setting
      • Quasi-experiments: lack a control group or random assignment

    Survey Research

    • Involves collecting self-report data from participants through questionnaires or interviews
    • Used to gather information about attitudes, opinions, and behaviors
    • Advantages:
      • Can be used to study large populations
      • Allows for the collection of data on sensitive topics
    • Limitations:
      • May be subject to social desirability bias (participants providing inaccurate information to present themselves in a more favorable light)
      • May be influenced by question wording and format
    • Types of survey research:
      • Cross-sectional surveys: collect data from a single point in time
      • Longitudinal surveys: collect data from the same participants over a period of time

    Correlational Analysis

    • Examines the relationship between two or more variables, but does not imply causality, only association
    • Types of correlations:
    • Positive correlation: as one variable increases, the other also increases
    • Negative correlation: as one variable increases, the other decreases
    • No correlation: no relationship between variables
    • Uses statistical methods, such as Pearson's r, to measure the strength and direction of the correlation
    • Limitations:
    • Cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships
    • May be influenced by third variables (confounding variables)

    Experimental Design

    • Allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables
    • Involves manipulating one or more independent variables and measuring their effect on a dependent variable
    • Key components:
    • Independent variable: the variable being manipulated by the researcher
    • Dependent variable: the variable being measured in response to the independent variable
    • Control group: a group that does not receive the manipulation (used for comparison)
    • Types of experimental designs:
    • Laboratory experiments: conducted in a controlled laboratory setting
    • Field experiments: conducted in a natural, real-world setting
    • Quasi-experiments: lack a control group or random assignment

    Survey Research

    • Involves collecting self-report data from participants through questionnaires or interviews
    • Used to gather information about attitudes, opinions, and behaviors
    • Advantages:
    • Can be used to study large populations
    • Allows for the collection of data on sensitive topics
    • Limitations:
    • May be subject to social desirability bias (participants providing inaccurate information to present themselves in a more favorable light)
    • May be influenced by question wording and format
    • Types of survey research:
    • Cross-sectional surveys: collect data from a single point in time
    • Longitudinal surveys: collect data from the same participants over a period of time

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    Description

    This quiz covers correlational analysis in social psychology, including its definition, types of correlations, and statistical methods used to measure the strength and direction of correlations.

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