29 Questions
What is the approximate size of the particles produced from the flashing of propellant in a pMDI?
35 µM
What role do Breath-actuated MDIs play in reducing or eliminating?
Hand-breath coordination
What kind of inhaler is an Autohaler?
Breath-actuated
How does Respimat transform the aqueous solution in principle?
Into liquid aerosol droplets
What is the main feature of propellant-free MDIs?
Similar to nebulizers in application
What step must patients take prior to inhalation when using an Autohaler?
Lift a lever to prime the device
What is the key difference between ExuberaÔ and AfrezzaÔ in terms of formulation?
ExuberaÔ contains a blister of insulin inserted in the inhaler, while AfrezzaÔ is a dry formulation of human insulin
What sets AfrezzaÔ apart from ExuberaÔ as an inhaler device?
AfrezzaÔ is more portable and less cumbersome than ExuberaÔ
What is the primary advantage of large porous particles over conventional particles in DPIs?
Large porous particles provide faster drug delivery than conventional particles
Which company commercialized ExuberaÔ and later withdrew it from the market?
Pfizer
What makes AfrezzaÔ unique among inhaled insulins?
Portable and not cumbersome
What is the purpose of spacer devices in the context of pMDIs and DPIs?
To assist in drug delivery by improving inhalation technique
Which component of a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) delivers a specific amount of product with each actuation?
Metering valve
What is the role of surfactants in propellant-containing pMDIs?
To disperse drug particles in suspension
Why are spacer devices important for inhalational techniques involving pMDIs and DPIs?
To ensure proper inhalation technique and drug delivery
What do breath-actuated devices aim to achieve in the context of inhalational techniques?
To deliver drugs upon inhalation without the need for manual actuation
Which component of a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) provides an orifice for the discharge of spray?
Spray actuator
Which type of inhalation device does not require specific inhalation technique or coordination?
Nebulizers
What is a disadvantage common to both nebulizers and DPIs?
Contain lactose
Which inhalation device has the advantage of being breath-actuated?
Clickhaler Diskhaler®
What is a common disadvantage of pMDIs and DPIs?
Respirable dose depends on inspiratory flow rate
Which inhalation device is known for its sealed environment and reproducible dosing?
pMDIs
What is a common disadvantage of Diskus® and nebulizers?
Non-portable
What is the primary purpose of using a spacer device in respiratory drug delivery?
To reduce the risk of systemic side effects from the drug
Which statement is true regarding reverse flow spacer devices?
They use a bag that collapses upon exhalation
Why do spacer devices reduce the risk of oral candidiasis and dysphonia with inhaled corticosteroids?
By decreasing the amount of drug reaching the throat region
Which drawback is associated with using spacer devices for respiratory drug delivery?
The need for regular cleaning maintenance
What distinguishes a valved holding chamber from a simple tube extension as a spacer device?
The presence of a one-way valve to contain aerosols until inhalation
How do spacer devices help in reducing systemic side effects of inhaled drugs?
By reducing fraction of swallowed drug and subsequent GI absorption
Learn about the correct use of pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers (pMDIs) and Breath-Actuated MDIs to effectively deliver drug solutions. Understand the actuation process, aerosolization, particle size, and how breath-actuated MDIs can improve coordination during inhalation.
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