Corporate Crime Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main tactic used by trafficking organizations to manipulate victims into working abroad?

  • Indebting them with large loans and charging high interest rates (correct)
  • Offering them lucrative job opportunities with high salaries
  • Promising them a better life and opportunities for advancement
  • Providing them with financial aid and educational support

What term is used to describe the work done by victims of trafficking, such as unpaid domestic labor in wealthy homes?

  • Domestic service
  • Temporary employment
  • Modern slavery (correct)
  • Forced labor

The text highlights the rise of TOC (Transnational Organized Crime) after which event?

  • The collapse of the Soviet Union (correct)
  • The rise of globalization
  • The development of the internet
  • The outbreak of World War II

What key event in the former Soviet Union allowed TOC networks to gain influence and power?

<p>The process of marketization and privatization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the model used by global organized crime networks, as described by Misha Glenny?

<p>Focus on specific geographic regions and activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text say about the flexibility and adaptability of TOC networks?

<p>They adjust their activities based on market opportunities and trends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of money laundering, as described in the text?

<p>To hide the source of illegal funds and make them appear legal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument put forward by Rothe and Friederichs concerning the activities of global financial organizations like the IMF and World Bank?

<p>The policies implemented by these organizations, such as structural adjustment programs, often lead to increased crime, such as drug-related crime and prostitution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the relationship between corporations and TOC networks in relation to money laundering?

<p>Corporations provide legal cover for TOC networks by laundering their profits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of structural adjustment programs as described in the text?

<p>Increased public spending on healthcare, housing, and education. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe organized crime that operates globally?

<p>Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key argument made by Marxist theorists regarding corporate crime?

<p>Corporate crime is a natural outcome of the capitalist system's drive for profit maximization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the UN, how much revenue does Transnational Organized Crime generate annually?

<p>Over $900 Billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a corporate crime mentioned in the text?

<p>Human trafficking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of "glocal crime" as described by Hobbs and Dunningham?

<p>Criminal organizations that operate on a global scale but are also deeply embedded in local communities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does globalization contribute to corporate crime?

<p>Globalization increases competition, forcing companies to engage in unethical practices to remain profitable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why criminal organizations need to understand local markets?

<p>To identify and capitalize on changing demand for illegal goods and services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of 'mystification of corporate crime' as described in the text?

<p>The use of complex language to obscure the true nature and extent of corporate crimes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a criminal activity commonly associated with Transnational Organized Crime (TOC)?

<p>Environmental protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that highlights the interconnectedness between global and local aspects in the operations of criminal organizations like those involved in the sex industry?

<p>The reliance on local contacts and networks to ensure the successful trafficking of vulnerable women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'deregulation' contribute to corporate crime, according to the text?

<p>Deregulation leads to a lack of transparency in corporate financial dealings, making it easier to commit crimes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'marketisation' refer to in the context of the text?

<p>The process of creating free markets and reducing government intervention in the economy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the rise of ordinary street crime and domestic crime as mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased social cohesion and community involvement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Sutherland's theory of differential association, how does corporate crime become normalized?

<p>Corporate crime becomes normalized when employees are exposed to and accept criminal practices as standard operating procedures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument made by green criminologists who adopt the transgressive approach?

<p>They argue that certain activities, even if legal, should be considered crimes due to their detrimental impact on the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between environmental justice and ecological justice approaches?

<p>Environmental justice emphasizes the impact on human beings, while ecological justice considers harm to the entire ecosystem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a green crime according to the transgressive approach?

<p>Construction of renewable energy infrastructure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of harm, which is adopted by some green criminologists?

<p>Zemiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the primary driver behind much environmental damage?

<p>The desire for profit, often at the expense of environmental considerations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of green crime?

<p>It is primarily a local issue, affecting only the immediate surrounding area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criticisms of the environmental justice approach?

<p>It is too focused on human impact and fails to acknowledge the overall impact on the ecosystem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city's financial center has also been accused of facilitating money laundering?

<p>New York (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary green crime according to the text?

<p>Suppression of environmental campaign groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument put forth regarding 'species justice'?

<p>Most governments and corporations are ignoring the ongoing mass extinction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text highlights a connection between globalisation and what concept?

<p>Risk society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent example of a secondary green crime mentioned in the text?

<p>The killing of environmental activists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the acidification of the oceans impact human beings, according to the text?

<p>It contributes to the rise in global temperatures, leading to desertification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument supporting the idea of 'environmental discrimination'?

<p>Poor countries and communities bear the brunt of environmental harm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the rise in air pollution, as discussed in the text?

<p>The release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of 'eco-mafias' as highlighted in the text?

<p>To illegally dispose of toxic waste in environmentally harmful ways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IMF

International Monetary Fund, provides financial support to countries with conditions.

Structural Adjustment Programmes

Economic policies imposed to qualify for financial aid, often involve cutbacks.

Organised Crime

Criminal organizations that operate through global networks, disregarding borders.

Transnational Organised Crime (TOC)

Global crime networks involved in illegal activities across countries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Trafficking

Illegal trade of people for exploitation, often linked to organized crime.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glocal Crime

Criminal activities that are both global and rooted in local communities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cyber-crime

Criminal activities conducted via the internet, increasingly used by TOC.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Trade

Buy and sell illegal drugs, a major activity of TOC.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corporate Crime

Illegal activities conducted by companies for financial gain, often crossing borders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

False Accounting

Manipulating financial records to mislead stakeholders or evade taxes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Large companies that operate across multiple countries, often involved in global trade.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deregulation

The removal of restrictions on businesses, often leading to increased corporate crime.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differential Association Theory

Theory that implies individuals learn deviant behavior from those they associate with.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mystification of Corporate Crime

The process of obscuring the true extent and nature of corporate crimes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Green Crime

Environmental harm caused by corporate activity, violating ecological laws.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Marketisation

The conversion of public services into market-driven entities, influencing corporate behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Debt Bondage

A form of human trafficking where a loan traps individuals in labor for repayment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Developing World

Countries with lower economic development often exploited for labor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Domestic Servitude

Unpaid labor within household settings, often a form of modern slavery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Modern Slavery

Contemporary forms of slavery, including forced labor and human trafficking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zones of Crime

Concept where organized crime networks operate in production, distribution, and consumption areas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Money Laundering

The process of making illicit money appear legitimate through banks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transgressive Approach

The viewpoint that many legal actions should be seen as crimes due to their harm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zemiology

The study of harm, focusing on whether human activities damage the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Justice

An anthropocentric view concerned with how environmental harm affects humans.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ecological Justice

An ecocentric view recognizing harm to any ecosystem part affects the whole.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Green Criminologist

A researcher who studies environmental crimes and the impact of human activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capitalist Drive

The motivation for increasing production and profits, often leading to environmental damage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ocean Acidification

The decrease in ocean pH due to absorbed carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Species Justice

Focuses on protecting animal species and their habitats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Discrimination

Wealthy people are less affected by environmental crimes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Green Crimes

Activities that directly harm the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Air Pollution

Release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eco-Mafias

Groups that illegally dump toxic waste instead of disposing it safely.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risk Society

A condition where unseen threats endanger human life and the planet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Green Crimes

Activities indirectly linked to environmental harm, like suppressing activists.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Corporate Crime

  • Global in scale, involving complex activities like false accounting, price fixing, tax evasion, and environmental damage (green crime)
  • Transnational corporations (TNCs) often move production to developing countries to lower costs, potentially violating local labor laws and employing children
  • Deregulation facilitates financial crimes like insider trading, corruption, and money laundering
  • Marketization and wealth accumulation create social inequality, potentially increasing ordinary and domestic crime
  • Theories explain corporate crime: Sutherland's differential association (criminal behavior learned through associations), Marxism (driven by capitalism's pursuit of profit, often resulting in breaking regulations for increased profit). Marxists argue that the media mystifies corporate crime, making it less apparent to the public. Corporate Crime is associated with the activities of global financial organizations like the IMF and the World Bank.
  • Rohter and Friederichs argue that these organizations conditions the countries they invest in to increase crime through structural adjustment programs, potentially leading to decreased public services, increased unemployment and an increase in organized crime.

Organized Crime

  • Global networks disregard national borders, encompassing the mafia, drug cartels
  • Referred to as Transnational Organized Crime (TOC), and generates vast revenue (over $900 billion annually, representing 1.5% of global GDP)
  • Activities include drug trafficking, human trafficking, exploitation of labor, the trade of precious metals, firearms, and human organs. Recent involvement in cybercrime.
  • Success depends on adaptation to local markets (glocal crime) for effective operation as well as having global infrastructure
  • The sex trade is a criminal activity involving human trafficking
  • It is often rooted in local communities to be effective.
  • The collapse of the Soviet Union and the marketization process in Russia increased the influence of organized crime. Organized crime networks use zones of production, distribution, and consumption to dominate markets, particularly for illegal goods.
  • Collaborate with corporate criminals to launder money
  • Money laundering is the process of making money from criminal activities look legitimate through legitimate channels

Green Crime

  • Includes activities like greenhouse gas release, toxic waste dumping, deforestation, and water pollution
  • Often corporate-driven, but organized crime can also be involved
  • A form of global crime because environmental damage isn't confined to a single location
  • Viewed through the lens of different approaches:
    • Anthropocentric: Concerns about impacts on humans
    • Ecocentric: Considers harm to the entire ecosystem
    • Species Justice: Focuses on abuse of animal species
  • There is environmental discrimination, meaning that wealthy countries and individuals are often more protected from environmental harm than poor communities
  • Primary green crime: Activities directly causing harm to the environment (air/water pollution, deforestation, species decline)
  • Secondary green crime: Indirectly related to primary green crime (suppression of environmental campaigns, disposal of toxic waste)

Risk Society

  • Globalisation has created an awareness of risks to human life and the planet's existence stemming from things such as industrial innovation, climate change, and epidemic disease
  • Risks exist due to activities that go largely unquestioned, often leading to broader harm

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Global Crime and Deviance PDF

More Like This

Employee Financial Theft Cases
10 questions

Employee Financial Theft Cases

CompatibleHaiku avatar
CompatibleHaiku
Delitos Financieros en México 2024
5 questions

Delitos Financieros en México 2024

CherishedThorium avatar
CherishedThorium
Marxist Perspective on Crime and Deviance
24 questions

Marxist Perspective on Crime and Deviance

PoliteConnotation9941 avatar
PoliteConnotation9941
Corporate Crime & Ethics Quiz
10 questions

Corporate Crime & Ethics Quiz

HandsDownJasper4932 avatar
HandsDownJasper4932
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser