Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of proteins are generally involved in mediating membrane fusion?
What type of proteins are generally involved in mediating membrane fusion?
- Type I transmembrane proteins (correct)
- Type II transmembrane proteins
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins
- Peripheral membrane proteins
How is energy involved in the fusion process mediated by viral fusion proteins?
How is energy involved in the fusion process mediated by viral fusion proteins?
- Metabolic energy is required for the conformation changes leading to fusion
- Energy is not involved in the viral fusion process
- Conformation changes lead to the presence of energy, and fusion occurs without the need for ATP/metabolic energy (correct)
- ATP is directly utilized in the fusion process
What role do fusion proteins play in viral infection?
What role do fusion proteins play in viral infection?
- They play a critical role in viral infection and can be therapeutic targets (correct)
- They are only involved in viral entry but not in the infection process
- They have minimal impact on viral infection
- They are not essential for viral infection
What are the characteristics of Class II fusion proteins?
What are the characteristics of Class II fusion proteins?
Which part of the nascent RNA chain forms RNA-RNA hybrids at 5’ TRS?
Which part of the nascent RNA chain forms RNA-RNA hybrids at 5’ TRS?
What can lead to template switch if polymerase fails to find another template after dissociation?
What can lead to template switch if polymerase fails to find another template after dissociation?
Where does the assembly of virions take place?
Where does the assembly of virions take place?
Which proteins play important roles in the formation of virus envelopes by budding?
Which proteins play important roles in the formation of virus envelopes by budding?
What interacts with packaging signals in N to ensure only full-length viral RNA gets packaged into virions?
What interacts with packaging signals in N to ensure only full-length viral RNA gets packaged into virions?
Where are mature virions packaged before being transported to the cell surface for release?
Where are mature virions packaged before being transported to the cell surface for release?
What is responsible for incorporating HE (if present) and S into the membrane?
What is responsible for incorporating HE (if present) and S into the membrane?
What plays a crucial role in mediating transport, processing, and modification of proteins in ERGIC?
What plays a crucial role in mediating transport, processing, and modification of proteins in ERGIC?
What may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants?
What may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants?
Which protein is responsible for viral entry and tropism, and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies and T-cells in infection?
Which protein is responsible for viral entry and tropism, and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies and T-cells in infection?
What is the composition of the replicase gene (gene 1)?
What is the composition of the replicase gene (gene 1)?
Which cellular receptors do spike proteins bind to?
Which cellular receptors do spike proteins bind to?
What is the common membrane association for viral RNA synthesis among '+' strand RNA viruses of eukaryotes?
What is the common membrane association for viral RNA synthesis among '+' strand RNA viruses of eukaryotes?
What is the structure of coronavirus nucleocapsids?
What is the structure of coronavirus nucleocapsids?
What is the role of the M-protein in some coronaviruses?
What is the role of the M-protein in some coronaviruses?
What are the components of corona virions' envelope proteins?
What are the components of corona virions' envelope proteins?
What happens after fusion mediated by spike proteins?
What happens after fusion mediated by spike proteins?
Where are replication complexes commonly observed for coronaviruses?
Where are replication complexes commonly observed for coronaviruses?
How does genome replication proceed for coronaviruses?
How does genome replication proceed for coronaviruses?
What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome in coronaviruses?
What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome in coronaviruses?
How do non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes?
How do non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes?
Where do many DNA viruses use for replication and latency establishment?
Where do many DNA viruses use for replication and latency establishment?
What is a target for antiviral drugs in virus replication cycle?
What is a target for antiviral drugs in virus replication cycle?
How can viruses enter the nucleus?
How can viruses enter the nucleus?
What are some ways to prevent virus entry into host cells?
What are some ways to prevent virus entry into host cells?
What is targeted by antiviral strategies during virus internalization?
What is targeted by antiviral strategies during virus internalization?
What process do antiviral strategies target related to membrane fusion?
What process do antiviral strategies target related to membrane fusion?
What are the advantages of narrow spectrum antivirals?
What are the advantages of narrow spectrum antivirals?
What are the disadvantages of broad spectrum antivirals?
What are the disadvantages of broad spectrum antivirals?
What is a characteristic of coronaviruses regarding their structure?
What is a characteristic of coronaviruses regarding their structure?
What is a key feature of SARS and COVID-19?
What is a key feature of SARS and COVID-19?
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Study Notes
Virus Replication and Antiviral Strategies
- Non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes without lysis or rupture
- Viruses utilize cellular transport systems for efficient transport to the cytosol
- Many DNA viruses use the nucleus for replication and can establish latency
- Strategies for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane
- Various ways for viruses to enter the nucleus, including during mitosis
- Every step in the virus replication cycle is a target for antiviral drugs
- Different ways to prevent virus entry, including neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation
- Specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with cellular processes for internalization
- Antiviral strategies targeting membrane fusion and uncoating of capsids
- Advantages and disadvantages of narrow and broad spectrum antivirals
- Characteristics of coronaviruses, including structure and genome
- Overview of the history, impact, and characteristics of SARS and COVID-19
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