5 Questions
Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease? (Select all that apply)
High cholesterol
Which of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease? (Select all that apply)
Gender
What does CAD stand for?
Coronary Artery Disease
Stable Angina is a manifestation of myocardial ischemia.
True
______ is responsible for supplying blood to the posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum.
PDA
Study Notes
Coronary Heart Disease
- Leading cause of death globally
- Occurs when there is an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the myocardium due to plaque buildup
- Results in narrowing of arteries, impeding blood flow, and leading to heart attack and other cardiac issues
Risk Factors
Modifiable Risk Factors
- Hypertension
- High cholesterol
- Smoking history
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Diabetes
- Obesity
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
- Family history
- Age
- Gender
- Genetics
Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Stable Angina
- Temporary chest pain
- Breathlessness
- Dyspnea
Heart Attack
- Chest pain
- Pain radiating to neck, jaw, back, shoulders, and arms
- Breathlessness
- Dyspnea
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Sweating
- Nausea
Anatomy of the Heart
- Right Coronary Artery (RCA) supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle
- RCA supplies blood to the AV node via the septal perforating branch (found in 90% of people)
- Sinoatrial Nodal Artery (SNA) supplies blood to the SA node
- RCA descending branches also supply to the acute marginal artery
- RCA regulates heart rhythm
Diagnostic Tests
Angiograms
- Purpose: to identify blockages or narrowing in the coronary arteries
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Non-invasive test used to diagnose acute pulmonary pathologies and identify stenosis, lesions, chamber size, etc.
Stress Test
- Non-invasive test used in settings of suspected Stable Angina
Blood Work
- Troponin: provides information about an acute ischemic event
- B-type Natriuretic Peptides (BNP): provides information about volume overload of cardiogenic origin
Stable Angina
- Manifestation of a stable angina results from the imbalance between the myocardial oxygen supply and the myocardial oxygen demand
- Coronary artery stenosis is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia
- Increased oxygen demand during physical activity leads to inadequate oxygen supply due to coronary stenosis
Unstable Angina
- Blood flow obstruction (such as plaque formation) leading to myocardial ischemia
- Unpredictable and can occur at rest
- Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort
- Pain may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Pain may last a few minutes and follows a pattern such as physical activity or continual stress
Test your knowledge about Coronary Heart Disease, its causes, risk factors, and effects on the heart. Learn about the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to this leading global cause of death.
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