Coronary Artery Disease Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary consequence of insufficient blood flow in coronary arteries?

  • Angina Pectoris (correct)
  • Heart Valve Dysfunction
  • Aneurysm Formation
  • Arrhythmias

    • What is another name for Coronary Artery Disease?

  • Hypertensive Heart Disease
  • Ischemic Heart Disease (correct)
  • Vascular Disease
  • Myocardial Infarction

    • Which statement best describes the symptom complexity of Angina Pectoris?

  • Pain may not necessarily occur even if blood flow is insufficient. (correct)
  • Angina only occurs during exercise.
  • Angina Pectoris is solely a chronic condition.
  • Chest pain always occurs with Angina.

    • What does the term 'pathophysiology' refer to in the context of Coronary Artery Disease?

    <p>The functional changes associated with a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to the development of Coronary Artery Disease?

    <p>Insufficient coronary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does atherosclerosis primarily cause in the arteries?

    <p>Buildup of plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the heart?

    <p>Coronary thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can plaque rupture in atherosclerosis potentially lead to?

    <p>Formation of blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily formed as a result of oxidized LDL-C in the arteries?

    <p>Plaque buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that does not contribute to low blood flow in the arteries?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of monocytes in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Adhere to damaged arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is associated with the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis?

    <p>C-reactive protein (CRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of fixed stenosis in the arteries?

    <p>Complete blockage of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells primarily contribute to the accumulation of fatty deposits in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does NOT cause vasospasm?

    <p>Regular aerobic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the chest pain associated with Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris?

    <p>Precipitated by physical exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does NOT result from fixed stenosis of the coronary arteries?

    <p>Prinzmetal Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key therapeutic goal for managing angina?

    <p>Restore the balance between myocardial O2 supply and demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Prinzmetal Angina from other types of angina?

    <p>Typically occurs at night or early morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to coronary artery spasms associated with Prinzmetal Angina?

    <p>Cold exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does chest pain typically last in Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris?

    <p>About 2-5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of structural heart issues leading to Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris?

    <p>Atherosclerosis with stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is classified as an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

    <p>Both Non-STEMI and STEMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of angina is caused by coronary plaque rupture resulting in thrombosis?

    <p>Unstable Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac enzyme is typically elevated in cases of STEMI?

    <p>Troponin I or T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is most commonly associated with evaluating the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily characterized by demand ischemia?

    <p>Chronic Stable Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low level of C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) indicate regarding coronary artery disease risk?

    <p>No significant risk of CAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would chest pain not typically be relieved by rest or sublingual nitrates?

    <p>Acute Coronary Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions typically results in a gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries?

    <p>Stable Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with supply ischemia in the context of unstable angina?

    <p>Coronary plaque rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Prinzmetal Angina?

    <p>Caused by coronary artery spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a coronary angiography, what is the primary function of the dye used?

    <p>To provide a visual of the coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis?

    <p>Infiltration of LDL into artery wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does inflammation play in the progression of atherosclerosis?

    <p>It contributes to unstable plaque formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of plaque rupture?

    <p>Myocardial Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does decreased endothelial function influence in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Increased SMC migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely result of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Increased plaque instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic tool for assessing heart activity during suspected coronary artery disease?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by reversible changes in myocardial cells due to hypoxia?

    <p>Myocardial Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying disease is associated with myocardial infarction?

    <p>Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to decreased coronary blood flow?

    <p>Coronary thrombosis/embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does oxidation of LDL have in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Promotes monocyte involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of unstable plaque in atherosclerosis?

    <p>They are prone to rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors is particularly significant for men over 45 years of age?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increased heart rate primarily do in the context of angina?

    <p>Increases oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formation of foam cells indicate in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Increased inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coronary Artery Disease

    • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also known as Ischemic Heart Disease or Coronary Heart Disease, is a condition where insufficient blood flow occurs in one or more coronary arteries.
    • CAD can produce characteristic pain in the chest known as angina.
    • Angina can be temporary, lasting for a few minutes, or permanent, leading to death of tissue.

    Atherosclerosis

    • Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque on the arteries' inner walls, causing narrowing of the arteries and reducing blood flow to the heart.
    • This plaque buildup can lead to the formation of blood clots that partially or totally block the arteries.
    • Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition that involves endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidation.
    • Plaque rupture can lead to spilling of plaque materials and acute thrombosis.

    Causes of Low Blood Flow

    • Coronary Thrombosis/Embolism: Blood clots that partially or totally block the arteries.
    • Vasospasm: Spasms in the coronary arteries that reduce blood flow.
    • Fixed Stenosis: A fixed narrowing of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup.

    Risk Factors for CAD

    • Age: Men over 45 years old and women over 55 years old are at increased risk.
    • Family history of myocardial infarction (MI).
    • Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol).
    • Sedentary lifestyle.
    • Chronic inflammation.
    • Elevated serum homocysteine levels.
    • Hypertension (high blood pressure).
    • Obesity.
    • Diabetes mellitus.

    Diagnosis of CAD

    • Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Detects and records the heart's electrical activity. A normal ECG does not rule out angina.
    • Stress Testing: Treadmill or dobutamine tests are used to measure the heart’s response to stress. Nuclear heart scanning or echocardiography are used for patients who cannot perform physical exercise.
    • Chest X-Ray: Can help identify heart size and abnormalities.
    • Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization: Dye is injected into the coronary arteries and special X-rays are taken to visualize the arteries.
    • Blood Tests:
      • C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): High levels are associated with increased risk of CAD and heart attack.
      • Hemoglobin, cholesterol, and sugar levels are also assessed.

    Angina Pectoris

    • Angina Pectoris is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia.
    • It is an expression of a coronary blood supply-demand mismatch..
    • The pain typically lasts for 2-5 minutes and is relieved by resting or taking sublingual nitrates.

    Types of Angina

    • Chronic Stable Angina: Also known as effort angina or classic angina.
    • Unstable Angina: A more serious form of angina where the pain is new, worsening, or occurring at rest.
    • Prinzmetal Angina: Also known as variant angina, vasospastic angina, or angina inversa. Caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries, often occurring at rest.

    Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

    • Includes unstable angina, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
    • Caused by coronary plaque rupture resulting in thrombosis and decreased oxygen supply.

    Myocardial Infarction (MI)

    • Myocardial Infarction (MI) is also known as a heart attack.
    • It results from permanent loss of myocardial oxygenation/perfusion, leading to cellular necrosis and death.

    Therapeutic Goal

    • The goal of treatment is to restore the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
    • This can be achieved through medications, lifestyle modifications, and procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and its relation to atherosclerosis. This quiz covers essential topics such as the causes of low blood flow, symptoms like angina, and the progressive nature of plaque buildup. Challenge yourself to see how much you really know about heart health and vascular conditions!

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