Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the medical term for the pain experienced during a heart attack?

  • Angina pectoris (correct)
  • Anemia
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hypovolemic shock

    • Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by a sudden and significant loss of blood?

  • Capillary hemorrhage
  • Postpartum hemorrhage
  • Acute hemorrhage (correct)
  • Internal hemorrhage

    • What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock in acute hemorrhage?

  • Reduced blood volume (correct)
  • Increased heart rate
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Impaired blood clotting

    • What is the primary difference between acute and chronic hemorrhage?

    <p>The time frame over which bleeding occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to chronic hemorrhage?

    <p>Ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of chronic hemorrhage on the body?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to treat circulatory shock promptly?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mild exercise on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Little or no change occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of moderate exercise?

    <p>Fast walking and slow running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

    <p>Due to impulses from cerebral cortex to medullary centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to diastolic pressure during moderate isotonic exercise?

    <p>It remains unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does diastolic pressure decrease during severe exercise?

    <p>Due to decrease in peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood pressure after exercise?

    <p>It decreases below the resting level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercise involves strenuous muscular activity and can be performed only for a short duration?

    <p>Severe exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to peripheral resistance during exercise involving isometric contraction?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that defines all types of circulatory shock?

    <p>Insufficient blood flow to tissues, particularly the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct consequence of reduced cardiac output in circulatory shock?

    <p>Decreased arterial blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of circulatory shock?

    <p>Increased renal blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major contributor to the development of acidosis in circulatory shock?

    <p>Accumulation of lactic acid due to stagnant hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acidosis affect the heart in circulatory shock?

    <p>Decreases myocardial efficiency, further reducing cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of fainting in circulatory shock?

    <p>Lack of blood flow to the brain tissues causing ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between acute heart failure and chronic heart failure?

    <p>The duration of the symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe heart failure resulting in fluid accumulation in the lungs and tissues?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results when the heart is unable to pump blood through the aorta?

    <p>Heart Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of heart failure?

    <p>High cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of acute heart failure?

    <p>Sudden shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercise involves muscular contraction that is primarily dynamic?

    <p>Aerobic exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic heart failure?

    <p>Rapid and irregular heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cardiovascular adjustments occurs during exercise?

    <p>Increased supply of nutrients to the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure?

    <p>Swelling in the ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals during an exercise session related to cardiovascular adjustments?

    <p>To optimize nutrient delivery to muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

    <p>Atherosclerosis leading to occlusion of coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'myocardial ischemia' refer to?

    <p>Insufficient blood flow causing hypoxia in myocardial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the atherosclerotic plaque?

    <p>Proteins from arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necrosis in the context of coronary artery disease?

    <p>Localized death of cells or tissues due to injury or disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with myocardial infarction?

    <p>Cardiac pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can restore blood flow in cases of mild ischemia related to coronary artery disease?

    <p>Development of coronary collateral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an embolus in relation to coronary artery disease?

    <p>A part of atherosclerotic plaque or thrombus that has detached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to myocardial infarction?

    <p>Vascular spasm, embolus, or thrombus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

    • CAD is a heart disease caused by inadequate blood supply to cardiac muscle due to occlusion of coronary artery.
    • Occlusion occurs due to atherosclerosis, a condition associated with deposition of cholesterol on the walls of the artery.
    • Atherosclerotic plague is made up of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances from blood, which narrows the lumen of the coronary artery.
    • In severe conditions, the artery is completely occluded, leading to myocardial ischemia.

    Myocardial Ischemia and Necrosis

    • Myocardial ischemia is the reaction of a part of myocardium in response to hypoxia, which develops when blood flow to a part of myocardium decreases severely.
    • Necrosis refers to death of cells or tissues by injury or disease in a localized area, which is irreversible and occurs due to severe ischemia.

    Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)

    • Myocardial infarction is the necrosis of myocardium caused by insufficient blood flow due to embolus, thrombus, or vascular spasm.
    • Common symptoms of myocardial infarction include cardiac pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, difficulty in breathing, extreme weakness, sweating, and anxiety.

    Cardiac Pain (Angina Pectoris)

    • Cardiac pain is the chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia, which radiates to the surface of the left arm and left shoulder.
    • It is called referred pain since it is felt over the body away from the heart.

    Cerebral Circulation

    • Brain tissues need adequate blood supply continuously, and stoppage of blood flow for 5 seconds leads to unconsciousness, and for 5 minutes leads to irreparable damage to brain cells.

    Hemorrhage

    • Hemorrhage is the excess loss of blood due to rupture of blood vessels, classified into five categories: accidental, capillary, internal, postpartum, and hemorrhage due to premature detachment of placenta.
    • Effects of hemorrhage include acute and chronic hemorrhage, which lead to hypovolemic shock, anemia, and circulatory shock.

    Circulatory Shock

    • Circulatory shock refers to the shock developed by inadequate blood flow throughout the body, which is a lifethreatening condition.
    • Manifestations of circulatory shock include decreased blood pressure, reflex tachycardia, vasoconstriction, feeble pulse, stagnant hypoxia, pale and cold skin, cyanosis, decreased renal blood flow, and acidosis.

    Heart Failure

    • Heart failure refers to the condition in which the heart loses the ability to pump sufficient amount of blood to all parts of the body.
    • Types of heart failure include acute, chronic, and congestive heart failure, which may involve left ventricle, right ventricle, or both.
    • Causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease, defective heart valves, arrhythmia, cardiac muscle disease, hypertension, congenital heart disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, anemia, and lung disorders.

    Cardiovascular Adjustments during Exercise

    • During exercise, there is an increase in metabolic needs of body tissues, particularly the muscles, which requires adjustments in the body to supply nutrients and oxygen to muscles and other tissues involved in exercise.
    • Exercise is classified into two types: dynamic and static, and based on severity, into three types: mild, moderate, and severe.

    Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular System

    • Heart rate increases during exercise, with a higher increase in severe exercise, mainly due to vagal withdrawal and increase in sympathetic tone.
    • Blood pressure increases during exercise, with a greater increase in systolic pressure in severe exercise, and a decrease in diastolic pressure in severe isotonic exercise.
    • After exercise, the blood pressure falls below the resting level.

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