Coronary Artery Disease: Understanding the Basics

Coronary Artery Disease: Understanding the Basics

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common heart condition that affects the blood flow to the heart muscle. It is characterized by the buildup of plaque, which is a deposit made up of cholesterol and other substances, in the coronary arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries and impairs blood flow to the myocardium, leading to a demand-supply mismatch of oxygen.

Etiology of Coronary Artery Disease

CAD has both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable factors include gender, age, family history, and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, obesity, lipid levels, and psychosocial variables. In the Western world, a faster-paced lifestyle has led people to consume more fast foods and unhealthy meals, contributing to an increased prevalence of CAD.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease

The most common symptom of CAD is chest pain, also known as angina. However, many people with CAD may not experience symptoms until a heart attack occurs. Diagnosis of CAD involves a physical examination, medical history, and several tests, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, stress tests, exercise stress tests, chest X-rays, and cardiac catheterization.

Treatment and Management of Coronary Artery Disease

Treatment for CAD often involves lifestyle changes, such as a healthier diet, increased physical activity, and smoking cessation. Medications may be prescribed to manage risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and irregular heartbeats. In some cases, procedures or surgery may be necessary to treat the disease.

Conclusion

Coronary artery disease is a serious condition that can lead to heart attacks and other complications. It is essential to understand the risks, symptoms, and treatment options for CAD to maintain heart health. By making lifestyle changes and following medical advice, individuals can help prevent and manage CAD.