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Questions and Answers
Which artery originates from the right aortic sinus and descends vertically in the coronary sulcus?
Which artery originates from the right aortic sinus and descends vertically in the coronary sulcus?
In what percentage of cases is the right coronary artery dominant, providing the posterior interventricular artery?
In what percentage of cases is the right coronary artery dominant, providing the posterior interventricular artery?
What is the primary function of the circumflex artery?
What is the primary function of the circumflex artery?
What is the characteristic of the coronary arterial pattern when it is described as balanced?
What is the characteristic of the coronary arterial pattern when it is described as balanced?
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Which statement about the veins of the heart is accurate?
Which statement about the veins of the heart is accurate?
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What is the primary function of the coronary sinus?
What is the primary function of the coronary sinus?
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Where does the coronary sinus open?
Where does the coronary sinus open?
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Which veins primarily drain the area of the heart supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA)?
Which veins primarily drain the area of the heart supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA)?
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What accompanies the anterior interventricular vein?
What accompanies the anterior interventricular vein?
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Which cardiac veins open directly into the right atrium?
Which cardiac veins open directly into the right atrium?
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Which cardiac vein drains the area of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery (LCA)?
Which cardiac vein drains the area of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery (LCA)?
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What is the location of the smallest cardiac veins (venae cordis minimae)?
What is the location of the smallest cardiac veins (venae cordis minimae)?
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In which area does the middle cardiac vein open?
In which area does the middle cardiac vein open?
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Study Notes
Coronary Artery Anatomy
- The right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus, travels between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk, and descends vertically in the coronary sulcus
- The left coronary artery originates from the left aortic sinus, passes between the aortic trunk and left auricle, then enters the coronary sulcus
- The anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending, LAD) originates from the left coronary artery and gives left conus, diagonal, and septal branches.
- The circumflex artery originates from the left coronary artery and gives a left marginal branch.
- Dominance of the coronary arteries is determined by which artery provides the posterior interventricular artery:
- Right coronary artery dominance: 50% of cases
- Left coronary artery dominance: 20% of cases
- Balanced pattern: 30% of cases
- The veins of the heart follow a similar pattern to the arteries but have different names
Coronary Sinus
- Is the main vein of the heart
- Lies in the posterior part of the atrioventricular groove
- Opens into the posterior wall of the right atrium
- The great cardiac vein opens at its left end
- The middle and small cardiac veins open at its right end
- Drains all the venous blood from the heart except that carried by the anterior cardiac veins and the venae cordis minimae
Great Cardiac Vein
- Begins at the apex of the heart
- Ascends in the anterior interventricular groove
- Enters the left end of the coronary sinus
- Drains the area of the heart supplied by the LCA
Middle Cardiac Vein
- Begins at the apex of the heart
- Ascends in the posterior interventricular groove
- Enters the right side of the coronary sinus
Small Cardiac Vein
- Accompanies the marginal branch of the right coronary artery
- Runs in the coronary groove to enter the coronary sinus to the right of the middle cardiac vein
- Drains most of the area of the heart supplied by the RCA
Venae Cordis Minimae
- 2-4 small veins that run over the anterior surface of the right ventricle
- Cross over the coronary groove to open directly into the right atrium
- Drain directly into the cardiac chambers, being most numerous in the right atrium and right ventricle
Other Important Points
- The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium, immediately to the left of the inferior vena cava and posterior to the right atrioventricular orifice
- The posterior interventricular artery is derived from the right coronary artery in right coronary dominance
- The posterior interventricular artery is derived from the left coronary artery in left coronary dominance
- The anterior cardiac veins and the venae cordis minimae open directly into the heart
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the coronary arteries and their dominance patterns. This quiz covers the origins of the right and left coronary arteries, key branches, and the coronary sinus. Perfect for medical students or anyone interested in cardiovascular anatomy.
