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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery?
Which artery is supplied by the left conus artery?
Which artery does the circumflex artery anastomose with?
What areas does the left coronary artery supply?
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What does the large ventricular branch of the anterior interventricular artery refer to?
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What is the primary role of the atrial branches from the circumflex artery?
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Which artery exits the left coronary artery and runs predominantly along the left margin of the heart?
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What is the termination point of the anterior interventricular artery?
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Which of the following veins does NOT drain directly into the coronary sinus?
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Where does the coronary sinus open into?
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Which vein is located in the posterior interventricular groove?
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What guards the opening of the coronary sinus?
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Which of the following veins is situated in the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle?
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What is the primary purpose of coronary angioplasty?
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Which type of graft is typically used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?
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Which statement is true regarding coronary artery stents?
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Which structure is responsible for draining venous blood from the heart?
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What area does the right coronary artery primarily supply?
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What occurs during myocardial infarction?
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Which branch of the right coronary artery supplies the SA node?
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Which artery is NOT commonly used for grafting in CABG?
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From where does the left coronary artery originate?
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What happens to a stent when a balloon catheter is inflated?
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Which structure arises from the ascending aorta and supplies blood to the heart?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of the right coronary artery?
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What is the largest vein of the heart called?
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During coronary angioplasty, which technique is primarily used to cross the stenosis?
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What is the function of the right marginal artery?
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What is the primary course of the right coronary artery?
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What is the main consequence of a severe blockage in the coronary arteries if untreated?
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In which part of the heart does the right coronary artery terminate?
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What area is NOT covered by the distribution of the right coronary artery?
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Which statement accurately describes the distribution of coronary arteries?
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What does the posterior inter-ventricular branch supply?
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What is the significance of the anastomosis between the right and left coronary arteries?
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Which area does the left coronary artery NOT supply?
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Which part of the heart does the left circumflex artery primarily supply?
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What anatomical feature marks the beginning of the right coronary artery?
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What is the correct pathway for the left coronary artery?
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What aspect of the coronary arteries is highlighted in their anatomical positioning?
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What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?
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Which coronary artery typically supplies the majority of the right side of the heart?
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What role does the connective tissue play in the coronary artery distribution?
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Study Notes
Left Coronary Artery
- Arises from ascending aorta and divides into anterior interventricular and circumflex branches
- Anterior interventricular branch (LAD) runs on the sternocostal surface in the anterior interventricular groove
- LAD terminates by anastomosing with posterior interventricular artery near the apex
- Left conus artery supplies the upper part of the right ventricle and lower part of the pulmonary trunk
- Ventricular branches supply the left ventricle and part of the right ventricle near the anterior interventricular groove
- One of the ventricular branches is large and is known as the left diagonal artery
- Septal branches supply the anterior part of the interventricular septum
- Circumflex artery curves around the left margin of the heart in the coronary sulcus
- Circumflex artery enters the posterior part of the coronary sulcus and terminates by anastomosing with the right coronary artery
- Atrial branches supply the left atrium
- Ventricular branches supply the left ventricle
- Left marginal artery runs along the left margin of the heart and supplies the left ventricle
Right Coronary Artery
- Branch of ascending aorta beginning from the anterior aortic (right coronary) sinus
- Runs between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk, enters the anterior part of the coronary sulcus
- Right coronary artery winds around the right margin of the heart, then runs to the left in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus
- Terminates by anastomosing with the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus
- Right conus branch supplies the lower part of the pulmonary trunk and the upper part of the right ventricle
- Atrial branches supply the right atrium, one of them supplies the SA node (artery of SA node)
- Ventricular branches supply the right ventricle
- Right marginal artery, one of the ventricular branches, runs along the inferior margin of the heart
- Posterior interventricular branch (posterior descending) runs in the posterior interventricular groove
Distribution of Arterial Supply
- Left coronary artery supplies the left atrium, the left ventricle (except a part on the diaphragmatic surface near the posterior interventricular groove), and part of the right ventricle on the anterior surface near the anterior interventricular groove
- Right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, the right ventricle (except a part on the sternocostal surface near the anterior interventricular groove), part of the left ventricle on the inferior surface near the posterior interventricular groove, the posterior part of the interventricular septum, and most of the conducting system of the heart (SA node, AV node, right AV bundle) except the left AV bundle
Coronary Artery Disease Management
- Coronary angioplasty, coronary artery stenting, and coronary bypass surgery are used for treating coronary artery disease
- A coronary angioplasty procedure uses a catheter inserted into the femoral artery in the thigh to widen the stenosis (narrowing)
- A coronary stent is a stainless tube with slots that is mounted on a balloon catheter and widens the artery
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is done for severe coronary artery disease that cannot be treated with angioplasty
- The great saphenous vein, internal thoracic artery, or radial arteries can be used to bypass the blocked part of the coronary arteries
Venous Drainage of the Heart
- Venous blood from the heart is drained by the coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein, and the Thebesian veins (venae cordis minimae)
- The coronary sinus is the largest vein of the heart and is formed by the union of the great cardiac vein and the oblique vein of the left atrium
- The coronary sinus opens into the smooth part of the right atrium and is guarded by the valve of the coronary sinus (Thebesian valve)
Coronary Sinus Tributaries
- Great cardiac vein is situated in the anterior interventricular groove and the anterior part of the coronary sulcus
- Small cardiac vein is situated in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- Middle cardiac vein is situated in the posterior interventricular groove
- Posterior vein of the left ventricle is situated in the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle
- Oblique vein of the left atrium (of Marshall) is situated in the posterior surface of the left atrium
Other Venous Drains
- Anterior cardiac veins are 3 to 4 veins situated on the sternocostal surface of the right ventricle and terminate by opening into the right atrium
- Thebesian veins (venae cordis minimae) are small veins situated in the myocardium of all the chambers and terminate by opening into all chambers
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and branches of the left coronary artery, including its origins, major branches such as the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries, and their functions. Test your knowledge on how these branches supply various parts of the heart and their anastomoses. Ideal for students studying cardiovascular anatomy.
