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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for Michelson contrast?

  • $(L_{max} + L_{min}) / (L_{max} - L_{min})$
  • $(L_{max} - L_{min}) / (L_{max} + L_{min})$ (correct)
  • $(L_{max} + L_{min})^2 / (L_{max} - L_{min})$
  • $(L_{max} - L_{min})^2 / (L_{max} + L_{min})$

    • What is the unit of measurement for luminance?

  • Lumens (lm)
  • Candela per square centimetre (cd/cm2)
  • Candela per square metre (cd/m2) (correct)
  • Lux (lx)

    • What is the range of Michelson contrast value?

  • 0.0 – 100.0
  • 0.0 – 1.0 (correct)
  • 0.0 – 0.5
  • 0.0 – 10.0

    • What is the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart used for?

    <p>Measuring contrast sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two peaks in a wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ganglion cells respond to high-level lights and have smaller receptive fields?

    <p>Midget ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the amplitude of a wave correspond to?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ganglion cells respond to low-level lights and have larger receptive fields?

    <p>Parasol ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary visual cortex called?

    <p>V1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of on-centre ganglion cells in the retina?

    <p>Light on centre increases firing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are exclusively present in the fovea?

    <p>Cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processing occurs in V1 regarding the linear receptive fields of RGC and LGN?

    <p>Non-linear processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN)?

    <p>Project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences contrast sensitivity according to the text?

    <p>Size and arrangement of the receptive fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cells in the primary visual cortex responsible for?

    <p>Receiving all visual input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for edge detection in the visual system?

    <p>Arrangement of Centre-Surround RGC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bipolar cells in the retina?

    <p>Combine graded potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a muted response in the receptive field indicate?

    <p>The light covers the centre and surround</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is sensitive to light waves of about 400 – 700nm?

    <p>The human eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a large off-centre response represent in edge detection?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?

    <p>Rods are much more common than cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ganglion axons in the retina?

    <p>Form the optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the photoreceptors in the fovea exclusively made of?

    <p>Cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in visual processing?

    <p>Transmit signals to the visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two peaks of a light wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the amplitude of a light wave correspond to?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of light conditions are cones sensitive to?

    <p>High light conditions (photopic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the retina consists exclusively of cones?

    <p>Fovea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the electrical messages that neurons send each other?

    <p>Action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN) project to?

    <p>Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain receives all visual input and begins processing of color, motion, and shape?

    <p>V1 Primary visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cells in the V1 Primary visual cortex have?

    <p>The smallest receptive field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average spacing across the retina?

    <p>Very consistent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of a photoreceptor?

    <p>1 micrometre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bipolar cells?

    <p>Combine graded potentials, transmit to ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the optic nerve carry signals to?

    <p>The visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in visual processing?

    <p>Receives all visual input and begins processing of color, motion, and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bipolar cells in the retina?

    <p>Combine graded potentials and transmit to ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the amplitude of a light wave correspond to?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two peaks of a light wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ganglion axons in the retina?

    <p>Transmit information about a stimulus from one part of the brain to another via neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of Michelson contrast value?

    <p>0 to 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for luminance?

    <p>Candela per square meter (cd/m$^2$)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cells in the primary visual cortex have?

    <p>The smallest receptive field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of a photoreceptor?

    <p>1 micrometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for edge detection in the visual system?

    <p>Large off-centre response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?

    <p>Rods are much more common than cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN)?

    <p>Project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Michelson contrast?

    <p>$(L_{max} - L_{min}) / (L_{max} + L_{min})$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ganglion cells respond to high-level lights and have smaller receptive fields?

    <p>Midget ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences contrast sensitivity according to the text?

    <p>Size and arrangement of receptive fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGC)?

    <p>Transmit visual information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for luminance?

    <p>Candelas per square metre (cd/m2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ganglion axons in the retina?

    <p>Transmit visual signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for edge detection in the visual system?

    <p>Arrangement of Centre-Surround ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processing occurs in V1 regarding the linear receptive fields of RGC and LGN?

    <p>Non-linear processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the amplitude of a light wave correspond to?

    <p>Intensity of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of a photoreceptor?

    <p>2-10 micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?

    <p>Receive input from photoreceptors and transmit signals to ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?

    <p>Rods are more concentrated than cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ganglion axons in the retina?

    <p>Transmit signals to the visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN)?

    <p>Project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the amplitude of a wave correspond to?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bipolar cells in the retina?

    <p>Combine graded potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution & spacing of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?

    <p>Rods are much more common than cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for edge detection in the visual system?

    <p>Bipolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for luminance?

    <p>Candela per square meter (cd/m^2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary visual cortex called?

    <p>V1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cells in the primary visual cortex responsible for?

    <p>Receiving all visual input and processing color, motion, and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ganglion cells respond to low light conditions and have larger receptive fields?

    <p>Off-centre ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two peaks in a wave called?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences contrast sensitivity?

    <p>The spacing of photoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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