72 Questions
What is the formula for Michelson contrast?
$(L_{max} - L_{min}) / (L_{max} + L_{min})$
What is the unit of measurement for luminance?
Candela per square metre (cd/m2)
What is the range of Michelson contrast value?
0.0 – 1.0
What is the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart used for?
Measuring contrast sensitivity
What is the distance between two peaks in a wave?
Wavelength
Which type of ganglion cells respond to high-level lights and have smaller receptive fields?
Midget ganglion cells
What does the amplitude of a wave correspond to?
Intensity
What type of ganglion cells respond to low-level lights and have larger receptive fields?
Parasol ganglion cells
What is the primary visual cortex called?
V1
What is the function of on-centre ganglion cells in the retina?
Light on centre increases firing
What type of cells are exclusively present in the fovea?
Cones
What type of processing occurs in V1 regarding the linear receptive fields of RGC and LGN?
Non-linear processing
What is the function of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN)?
Project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
What influences contrast sensitivity according to the text?
Size and arrangement of the receptive fields
What are the cells in the primary visual cortex responsible for?
Receiving all visual input
What allows for edge detection in the visual system?
Arrangement of Centre-Surround RGC
What is the role of bipolar cells in the retina?
Combine graded potentials
What does a muted response in the receptive field indicate?
The light covers the centre and surround
Which part of the eye is sensitive to light waves of about 400 – 700nm?
The human eye
What does a large off-centre response represent in edge detection?
What is the distribution of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?
Rods are much more common than cones
What is the function of the ganglion axons in the retina?
Form the optic nerve
What are the photoreceptors in the fovea exclusively made of?
Cones
What is the role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in visual processing?
Transmit signals to the visual cortex
What is the distance between two peaks of a light wave?
Wavelength
What does the amplitude of a light wave correspond to?
Intensity
What type of light conditions are cones sensitive to?
High light conditions (photopic)
Which part of the retina consists exclusively of cones?
Fovea
What are the electrical messages that neurons send each other?
Action potentials
Where do 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN) project to?
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Which part of the brain receives all visual input and begins processing of color, motion, and shape?
V1 Primary visual cortex
What do cells in the V1 Primary visual cortex have?
The smallest receptive field
What is the average spacing across the retina?
Very consistent
What is the width of a photoreceptor?
1 micrometre
What is the primary function of bipolar cells?
Combine graded potentials, transmit to ganglion cells
What does the optic nerve carry signals to?
The visual cortex
What is the primary function of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in visual processing?
Receives all visual input and begins processing of color, motion, and shape
What is the role of bipolar cells in the retina?
Combine graded potentials and transmit to ganglion cells
What does the amplitude of a light wave correspond to?
Intensity
What is the distance between two peaks of a light wave?
Wavelength
What is the function of the ganglion axons in the retina?
Transmit information about a stimulus from one part of the brain to another via neurons
What is the range of Michelson contrast value?
0 to 1
What is the unit of measurement for luminance?
Candela per square meter (cd/m$^2$)
What do cells in the primary visual cortex have?
The smallest receptive field
What is the width of a photoreceptor?
1 micrometer
What allows for edge detection in the visual system?
Large off-centre response
What is the distribution of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?
Rods are much more common than cones
What is the role of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN)?
Project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
What is the formula for Michelson contrast?
$(L_{max} - L_{min}) / (L_{max} + L_{min})$
What type of ganglion cells respond to high-level lights and have smaller receptive fields?
Midget ganglion cells
What influences contrast sensitivity according to the text?
Size and arrangement of receptive fields
What is the role of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGC)?
Transmit visual information to the brain
What is the unit of measurement for luminance?
Candelas per square metre (cd/m2)
What is the function of the ganglion axons in the retina?
Transmit visual signals to the brain
What allows for edge detection in the visual system?
Arrangement of Centre-Surround ganglion cells
What type of processing occurs in V1 regarding the linear receptive fields of RGC and LGN?
Non-linear processing
What does the amplitude of a light wave correspond to?
Intensity of light
What is the width of a photoreceptor?
2-10 micrometers
What is the primary function of bipolar cells in the retina?
Receive input from photoreceptors and transmit signals to ganglion cells
What is the distribution of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?
Rods are more concentrated than cones
What is the role of the ganglion axons in the retina?
Transmit signals to the visual cortex
What is the function of 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGN)?
Project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
What does the amplitude of a wave correspond to?
Intensity
What is the role of bipolar cells in the retina?
Combine graded potentials
What is the distribution & spacing of photoreceptors like outside the fovea?
Rods are much more common than cones
What allows for edge detection in the visual system?
Bipolar cells
What is the unit of measurement for luminance?
Candela per square meter (cd/m^2)
What is the primary visual cortex called?
V1
What are the cells in the primary visual cortex responsible for?
Receiving all visual input and processing color, motion, and shape
What type of ganglion cells respond to low light conditions and have larger receptive fields?
Off-centre ganglion cells
What is the distance between two peaks in a wave called?
Wavelength
What influences contrast sensitivity?
The spacing of photoreceptors
Test your critical reading skills with this quiz on Cornell Notes. Assess your ability to contrast information and concepts while practicing note-taking techniques. Sharpen your understanding of electromagnetic energy, wavelength, amplitude, and the human eye's sensitivity to light waves.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
